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. 2017 Nov 8;7:15042. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14886-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Kinetics of innate gene expression in HCV infected cells. Fold change in expressions of innate immune response genes including IRF3 (A), IFNB1 (B) and IL-28B (C) in HCV infected Huh7 cells at different times after infection were determined by qRT-PCR using cells stimulated with poly(I:C) as positive control in comparison to the normal cells. Suppression of IRF3 and IFNB1 in the HCV infected cells were observed as early as 1 h post infection while the HCV-mediated IL-28B suppression was detected at 72 h post infection. The HCV-mediated innate gene down-regulations were pronounced at 120 h post infection. The poly(I:C) started to up-regulate IRF3, IFNB1 and IL-28B at 1, 3 and 1 h post stimulation, respectively; the gene up-regulations by poly(I:C) were observed until the end of the experiments.