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. 2017 Nov 8;7:15115. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14670-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Imaging of ciliated Xenopus embryo skin before (a,c,e,g) and after focal injury (b,d,f,h). (a,b) Maximum intensity projection of a 100-frame video allows the visualization of tracer particles as particle streaks. The injury is visible as indentation in the embryos surface (marked with an arrow in b). (c,d) Vector flow field quantification of cilia-driven flow. The vector flow field is disrupted around location of injury (panel d). (e–h) 3D rendered speckle variance images visualize beating ciliary patches on embryo surface (panels e and f- view from top; panels g and h- view from side). The injury is visible as area with low speckle variance (white circle) in panel f and as indentation in panel h. The scale bar in panel a measures 0.5 mm.