TABLE 1—
Number and Rate of New and Recurrent Concussions Among US High School Students: United States, Academic Years 2005–2006 Through 2015–2016
| Concussions |
||||||
| Variable | All, No. | National Estimate, No. | New, No.a (%) | Recurrent, No.a (%) | AEs, No. | Average Annual Concussion Rateb (95% CI) |
| Total | 8 043 | 2 693 245 | 7 134 (88.7) | 909 (11.3) | 20 240 570 | 39.8 (38.9, 40.5) |
| School year | ||||||
| 2005–2006 | 393 | 134 963 | 337 (85.8) | 56 (14.2) | 1 729 774 | 22.8 (20.9, 24.7) |
| 2006–2007 | 415 | 123 865 | 365 (88.0) | 50 (12.0) | 1 820 367 | 22.9 (20.6, 25.0) |
| 2007–2008 | 502 | 137 804 | 441 (87.8) | 61 (12.2) | 2 077 780 | 24.2 (22.2, 26.2) |
| 2008–2009 | 539 | 149 696 | 477 (88.5) | 62 (11.5) | 2 112 479 | 25.5 (23.6, 27.1) |
| 2009–2010 | 568 | 192 051 | 489 (86.1) | 79 (13.9) | 1 763 241 | 32.2 (29.9, 34.6) |
| 2010–2011 | 721 | 249 653 | 630 (87.4) | 91 (12.6) | 1 762 485 | 40.9 (38.2, 43.7) |
| 2011–2012 | 882 | 331 406 | 797 (90.4) | 85 (9.6) | 1 733 895 | 50.9 (47.8, 53.9) |
| 2012–2013 | 1 026 | 348 565 | 922 (89.9) | 104 (10.1) | 1 874 256 | 54.8 (51.4, 57.6) |
| 2013–2014 | 993 | 342 394 | 856 (86.2) | 137 (13.8) | 1 873 729 | 52.9 (49.8, 56.1) |
| 2014–2015 | 970 | 315 543 | 861 (88.8) | 109 (11.2) | 1 719 036 | 56.5 (53.2, 59.8) |
| 2015–2016 | 1 034 | 367 306 | 959 (92.7) | 75 (7.3) | 1 773 528 | 58.3 (55.2, 61.5) |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 5 984 | 1 842 897 | 5 329 (89.1) | 655 (10.9) | 13 410 066 | 45.1 (44.0, 46.1) |
| Female | 2 059 | 850 348 | 1 805 (87.7) | 254 (12.3) | 6 830 503 | 30.5 (29.4, 31.6) |
| Sport | ||||||
| Boys’ football | 4 280 | 1 234 988 | 3 802 (88.8) | 478 (11.2) | 5 497 599 | 78.4 (76.1, 80.7) |
| Boys’ soccer | 581 | 319 627 | 523 (90.0) | 58 (10.0) | 1 917 524 | 30.9 (28.9, 33.1) |
| Girls’ soccer | 911 | 510 448 | 792 (86.9) | 119 (13.1) | 1 692 697 | 54.9 (52.0, 58.0) |
| Girls’ volleyball | 273 | 78 193 | 241 (88.3) | 32 (11.7) | 1 794 928 | 15.1 (13.6, 16.6) |
| Boys’ basketball | 382 | 95 602 | 353 (92.4) | 29 (7.6) | 2 401 514 | 16.0 (14.6, 17.3) |
| Girls’ basketball | 653 | 171 775 | 560 (85.8) | 93 (14.2) | 1 925 104 | 34.6 (32.5, 36.6) |
| Boys’ wrestling | 590 | 145 182 | 513 (86.9) | 77 (13.1) | 1 688 334 | 36.4 (34.0, 38.8) |
| Boys’ baseball | 151 | 47 498 | 138 (91.4) | 13 (8.6) | 1 905 095 | 8.0 (7.0, 9.1) |
| Girls’ softball | 222 | 89 932 | 212 (95.5) | 10 (4.5) | 1 417 775 | 15.9 (14.1, 17.6) |
| Activity | ||||||
| Competition | 5 193 | 1 829 490 | 4 592 (88.4) | 601 (11.6) | 5 526 635 | 94.7 (92.4, 96.9) |
| Practice | 2 850 | 863 755 | 2 542 (89.2) | 308 (10.8) | 14 713 935 | 19.6 (18.9, 20.3) |
| Gender-comparable sports | ||||||
| Boys’ sports | 1 114 | 462 727 | 1 014 (91.0) | 100 (9.0) | 6 224 133 | 18.1 (17.2, 18.9) |
| Girls’ sports | 1 786 | 772 155 | 1 564 (87.6) | 222 (12.4) | 5 035 576 | 36.1 (34.8, 37.5) |
Note. AE = athlete exposure, with attending 1 competition or practice defined as 1 AE; CI = confidence interval.
The number of new or recurrent concussions and the percentage of new or recurrent concussions among all concussions.
One per 100 000 AEs. Annual concussion rates were calculated as the number of concussions sustained during an academic year divided by total number of AEs during that year. Average annual injury rates and corresponding 95% CIs were calculated by using nonparametric bootstrap technique, in which the 50th percentile, 2.5th percentile, and 97.5th percentile were calculated from the empirical distribution of annual concussion rates (resampling number = 1000).