Table 3.
Sociodemographic characteristics and reproductive history of study participants by group
| Intervention Group | Control Group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All IGa (n = 770) | PRENACELb (n = 116) | (n = 440) | p (ITT) | p (PP) | |
| Age (years)d | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| 18–19 | 86 (11.5%) | 8 (6.9%) | 46 (10.6%) | 0.76 | 0.20 |
| 20–24 | 228 (30.4%) | 37 (31.9%) | 138 (31.9%) | ||
| 25–29 | 220 (29.3%) | 44 (37.9%) | 125 (28.9%) | ||
| 30–34 | 131 (17.4%) | 18 (15.5%) | 66 (15.3%) | ||
| ≥ 35 | 86 (11.5%) | 9 (7.8%) | 57 (13.2%) | ||
| Marital statusd | |||||
| Living with a partner | 609 (81.2%) | 103 (88.8%) | 345 (80%) | 0.68 | 0.04 |
| Not living with a partner | 141 (18.8%) | 13 (11.2%) | 86 (20%) | ||
| Schooling (years)d | |||||
| < 4 | 29 (3.9%) | 1 (0.9%) | 14 (3.3%) | 0.30 | 0.18 |
| 5–9 | 289 (38.9%) | 41 (35.3%) | 145 (34.1%) | ||
| 10–12 | 384 (51.7%) | 63 (54.3%) | 244 (57.4%) | ||
| > 12 | 41 (5.5%) | 11 (9.5%) | 22 (5.2%) | ||
| Employmentd | |||||
| Paid employment | 387 (53.1%) | 56 (48.7%) | 213 (52.3%) | 0.85 | 0.53 |
| Not employed | 342 (46.9%) | 59 (51.3%) | 194 (47.7%) | ||
| Socioeconomic Classd | |||||
| Upper/Upper Middle | 64 (10.1%) | 6 (5.6%) | 51 (14.7%) | 0.0002 | 0.02 |
| Middle | 359 (56.8%) | 70 (65.4%) | 222 (64.2%) | ||
| Lower | 209 (33.1%) | 31 (29%) | 73 (21.1%) | ||
| Raced | |||||
| White | 281 (37.4%) | 44 (37.9%) | 177 (41.3%) | 0.66c | 0.75c |
| Mixed | 372 (49.5%) | 60 (51.7%) | 201 (46.9%) | ||
| Black | 88 (11.7%) | 11 (9.5%) | 46 (10.7%) | ||
| Asian | 8 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (0.7%) | ||
| Indigenous | 2 (0.3%) | 1 (0.9%) | 2 (0.5%) | ||
| Previous pregnanciesd | |||||
| 0 | 241 (32.3%) | 37 (31.9%) | 146 (34.4%) | 0.62 | 0.93 |
| 1 | 244 (32.7%) | 37 (31.9%) | 124 (29.2%) | ||
| 2 | 118 (15.8%) | 19 (16.4%) | 66 (15.6%) | ||
| ≥ 3 | 143 (19.2%) | 23 (19.8%) | 88 (20.8%) | ||
| Previous abortionsd | |||||
| 0 | 619 (83%) | 94 (81%) | 345 (81.4%) | 0.54 | 1 |
| ≥ 1 | 127 (17%) | 22 (19%) | 79 (18.6%) | ||
| Pregnancy intentionsd | |||||
| Planned pregnancy | 302 (43.1%) | 58 (51.8%) | 160 (41.7%) | 0.68 | 0.07 |
| Unplanned pregnancy | 398 (56.9%) | 54 (48.2%) | 224 (58.3%) | ||
| Pregnancy risk categoryd | |||||
| Low risk, no hospitalization | 475 (67.6%) | 77 (67%) | 279 (71.5%) | 0.20 | 0.41 |
| High risk or hospitalization | 228 (32.4%) | 38 (33%) | 111 (28.5%) | ||
| Behavioural risk factorsd | |||||
| Smoking | 89 (12.6%) | 12 (10.3%) | 59 (15.1%) | 0.28 | 0.25 |
| Alcohol use | 140 (19.8%) | 14 (12.1%) | 66 (16.9%) | 0.27 | 0.27 |
| Illicit drug use | 14 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 17 (4.3%) | 0.03c | 0.02c |
aAll IG (Intervention Group) includes all eligible pregnant women who received ANC in intervention primary health care units, regardless of the PRENACEL registration status;
bPRENACEL group only includes pregnant women who received and accessed PRENACEL SMS
cValues compared using Fisher’s exact test and Chi-Square test
dAvailable sample for this analysis