Table 1.
Characteristics of statin users and non−statin users
| All subjects | Statin users | Non−statin users | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects (%) | 19,707 | 7539 (38.3) | 12,168 (61.7) | |
| Age, yr, mean (SD) | 69.9 (14.9) | 70.7 (12) | 69.3 (16.5) | <0.01 |
| Sex, male (%) | 52.5 | 57.6 | 49.4 | <0.01 |
| Aboriginal (%) | 3.8 | 3.2 | 4.2 | <0.01 |
| Income quintile | 0.59 | |||
| Lowest (level = 1) (%) | 24.9 | 24.6 | 25.1 | |
| Highest (level = 5) (%) | 15.9 | 15.6 | 16.0 | |
| Urban location (%) | 83.7 | 84.3 | 83.2 | 0.04 |
| Healthcare access 3-year preceding hospital admission, mean (median, IQR) | ||||
| Number of hospitalizations | 1.7 (1, 0–2) | 1.7 (1, 0–2) | 1.8 (1, 0–2) | 0.02 |
| Number of GP visits | 50.8 (36, 21–64) | 48.2 (37, 22–61) | 52.4 (36, 20–66) | <0.01 |
| Number of nephrologist visits | 1.1 (0, 0–0) | 1.2 (0, 0–0) | 1 (0, 0–0) | <0.01 |
| Number of cardiology visits | 3.1 (0, 0–2) | 4.6 (0, 0–5) | 2.2 (0, 0–1) | <0.01 |
| Number of internist visits | 7.2 (3, 0–8) | 7.7 (3, 1–9) | 6.9 (2, 0–8) | <0.01 |
| Number of emergency visits | 5.8 (3, 1–6) | 5.5 (3, 1–6) | 6 (3, 1–7) | <0.01 |
| CIHI resource intensity weight, mean (SD) | 3.1 (6.3) | 2.7 (4.4) | 3.4 (7.2) | <0.01 |
| Intensive care unit during hospitalization (%) | 18.9 | 24.8 | 15.3 | <0.01 |
| Primary diagnostic code for hospitalization (%) | ||||
| Cardiovascular | 18.4 | 26.0 | 13.6 | <0.01 |
| Respiratory | 9.1 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 0.245 |
| Gastrointestinal | 10.3 | 8.4 | 11.4 | <0.01 |
| Infectious disease | 4.6 | 3.8 | 5.1 | <0.01 |
| Cancer | 7.6 | 5.4 | 9.0 | <0.01 |
| Orthopedic | 4.6 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 0.09 |
| Hematologic | 5.8 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 0.04 |
| Genitourinary | 11.1 | 10.4 | 11.5 | 0.02 |
| Injury/poisoning | 5.1 | 4.5 | 5.4 | <0.01 |
| Other disease | 23.5 | 21.4 | 24.7 | <0.01 |
| Procedure or condition during index hospitalization (%) | ||||
| Sepsis | 4.8 | 3.8 | 5.4 | <0.01 |
| Cardiac surgery | 2.7 | 4.7 | 1.5 | <0.01 |
| Cardiac catheterization | 3.7 | 6.5 | 1.9 | <0.01 |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.3 | <0.01 |
| Pneumonia | 10.7 | 10.0 | 11.2 | 0.01 |
| Liver failure | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.0 | <0.01 |
| Acute myocardial infraction | 10.1 | 16.3 | 6.3 | <0.01 |
| Noncardiac surgery | 17.0 | 15.3 | 18.1 | <0.01 |
| Comorbid disease (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 42.6 | 55.7 | 34.5 | <0.01 |
| Hypertension | 80.9 | 90.5 | 74.9 | <0.01 |
| Myocardial infarction | 13.0 | 19.8 | 8.8 | <0.01 |
| Chronic heart failure | 33.4 | 38.3 | 30.4 | <0.01 |
| Stroke or TIA | 23.1 | 25.9 | 21.4 | <0.01 |
| Cancer | 9.0 | 7.8 | 9.6 | <0.01 |
| Liver disease | 2.4 | 1.0 | 3.2 | <0.01 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 7.2 | 10.0 | 5.4 | <0.01 |
| Kidney function | ||||
| Baseline eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2, mean (SD) | 62.3 (25.8) | 58.8 (23.1) | 64.4 (27.1) | <0.01 |
| Prior CKD (%) | 61.6 | 66.2 | 58.8 | <0.01 |
| Prior CKD defined by eGFR | 33.3 | 34.0 | 32.9 | <0.01 |
| Prio CKD defined by proteinuria | 11.6 | 11.8 | 11.5 | 0.02 |
| Prior CKD defined by eGFR and proteinuria | 16.7 | 20.3 | 14.5 | <0.01 |
| AKI stage (%) | <0.01 | |||
| AKI stage 1 | 75.9 | 77.9 | 74.6 | <0.01 |
| AKI stage 2 | 14.8 | 13.5 | 15.6 | <0.01 |
| AKI stage 3 (no dialysis) | 7.1 | 6.2 | 7.6 | <0.01 |
| Dialysis | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 0.37 |
| Baseline total cholesterol, mmol/l | <0.01 | |||
| <4.1 | 29.7 | 40.6 | 23.0 | <0.01 |
| 4.15−5.17 | 18.7 | 20.6 | 17.5 | <0.01 |
| 5.18−6.21 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 10.3 | 0.67 |
| 6.22−7.24 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 0.05 |
| ≥7.25 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.0 | <0.01 |
| Unknown | 37 | 23 | 45 | <0.01 |
AKI, acute kidney injury; CIHI, Canadian Institute for Health Information; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; TIA, transient ischemic attack.