Table 2.
Characteristics of study participants
| Facility-based HD (n = 90) | PD (n = 78) | Home HD (n = 36) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TMT B, median (IQR) | n = 64 102.0 (78.5–132.3) |
n = 63 90.0 (63.0–118.0) |
n = 30 94.0 (64.5–122.5) |
0.11a |
| TMT A, median (IQR) | n = 83 49.0 (32.0–62.0) |
n = 74 41.5 (30.0–60.0) |
42.8 (31.2–55.9) | 0.086a |
| 3MS, median (IQR) | n = 85 93.0 (88.5–97.0) |
n = 74 95.0 (91.0–98.0) |
n = 34 92.5 (88.0–96.5) |
0.066a |
| MCQ1 (metamemory), mean (SD) | n = 89 17.7 (3.8) |
n = 76 18.2 (3.3) |
n = 35 17.4 (4.5) |
0.53b |
| MCQ2 (metaconcentration), mean (SD) | n = 88 13.9 (2.4) |
n = 74 15.1 (2.8) |
14.6 (2.9) | 0.016b |
| Age, mean (SD) | 62.6 (12.3) | 58.3 (12.9) | 53.6 (13.0) | 0.001b |
| Sex, female | 36 (40.0%) | 28 (35.9%) | 15 (41.7%) | 0.80c |
| Education, post high school | 19/87 (21.8%) | 20/76 (26.3%) | 12/35 (34.3%) | 0.36c |
| Employment | ||||
| Retired | 51 (56.7%) | 36 (46.2%) | 12 (33.3%) | |
| Unemployed | 19 (21.1%) | 13 (16.7%) | 7 (19.4%) | 0.053c |
| Salaried/self-employed | 20 (22.2%) | 29 (37.2%) | 17 (47.2%) | |
| Ethnicity, nonwhite | 12 (13.3%) | 3 (3.8%) | 5 (13.9%) | 0.079c |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married or partner | 56 (62.2%) | 53 (67.9%) | 23 (63.9%) | |
| Single | 20 (22.2%) | 13 (16.7%) | 7 (19.4%) | 0.71d |
| Divorced or separated | 6 (6.7%) | 3 (3.8%) | 4 (11.1%) | |
| Widowed | 8 (8.9%) | 9 (11.5%) | 2 (5.6%) | |
| Cause of ESRD | ||||
| Systemic | 50 (55.6%) | 29 (37.2%) | 13 (36.1%) | |
| Renal | 17 (18.9%) | 24 (30.8%) | 13 (36.1%) | 0.081c |
| Other/unknown | 23 (25.6%) | 25 (32.1%) | 10 (27.8%) | |
| CCI, median (IQR) | 5.0 (4.0–7.0) | 4.0 (3.0–6.0) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 0.009a |
| Diabetes | 32 (35.6%) | 22 (28.2%) | 10 (27.8%) | 0.52c |
| Heart failure | 4 (4.4%) | 4 (5.1%) | 1 (2.8%) | >0.99d |
| Ischemic heart disease | 18 (20.0%) | 18 (23.1%) | 6 (16.7%) | 0.72c |
| IVE | 9 (10.0%) | 5 (6.4%) | 2 (5.6%) | 0.59c |
| Urea, median (IQR) | n = 89 22.6 (18.6–28.2) |
n = 77 23.1 (18.6–29.4) |
n = 34 23.1 (19.7–26.0) |
0.86a |
| Creatinine, median (IQR) | n = 89 377 (338–459) |
n = 77 428 (343–524) |
n = 34 429 (383–500) |
0.046a |
| Hb < 9 | 3/89 (3.4%) | 2/77 (2.6%) | 2/35 (5.7%) | 0.77d |
| Alb < 30 | 4/89 (4.5%) | 2/77 (2.6%) | 0/35 (0%) | 0.65d |
| Bic | n = 84 | n = 75 | n = 35 | |
| <22 | 37 (44.0%) | 32 (42.7%) | 17 (48.6%) | |
| 22–28 | 43 (51.2%) | 39 (52.0%) | 17 (48.6%) | 0.99d |
| >28 | 4 (4.8%) | 4 (5.3%) | 1 (2.9%) | |
| PTH, median (IQR) | n = 86 23.6 (14.0–35.2) |
n = 77 22.2 (12.3–35.1) |
n = 35 32.3 (17.5–48.3) |
0.051a |
| Phosphate | n = 88 | n = 76 | n = 35 | |
| <1.1 | 11 (12.5%) | 11 (14.5%) | 2 (5.7%) | |
| 1.1–1.7 | 61 (69.3%) | 43 (56.5%) | 28 (80.0%) | 0.14c |
| >1.7 | 16 (18.2%) | 22 (28.9%) | 5 (14.3%) | |
| SBP, ≤115 | 4/89 (4.5%) | 9/76 (11.8%) | 1 (2.8%) | 0.10c |
| SBP, mean (SD) | n = 89 143.7 (19.2) |
n = 76 137.5 (21.4) |
140.1 (17.5) | 0.14b |
| DBP, >85 | 16/89 (18.0%) | 15/76 (19.7%) | 6 (16.7%) | 0.92c |
| DBP, mean (SD) | n = 89 76.3 (11.1) |
n = 76 77.1 (11.4) |
73.4 (11.9) | 0.26b |
| ACEI or ARB | 41 (45.6%) | 47 (60.3%) | 21/34 (61.8%) | 0.098c |
| Folic acid | 10 (11.1%) | 11 (14.1%) | 5/34 (14.7%) | 0.80c |
| No. of antihypertensive drugs, median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 2.5 (2.0–4.0) | n = 34 3.0 (2.0–4.0) |
0.28a |
| EPO | 31 (34.4%) | 30 (38.5%) | 8/35 (22.9%) | 0.27c |
| CNS | 7 (7.8%) | 7 (9.0%) | 4/34 (11.8%) | 0.79c |
| Antidepressants | 18 (20.0%) | 10 (12.8%) | 3/34 (8.8%) | 0.22c |
| Antiplatelet agents | 39 (43.3%) | 24 (30.8%) | 13/34 (38.2%) | 0.24c |
| Statins/EZE | 53 (58.9%) | 41 (52.6%) | 24/34 (70.6%) | 0.20c |
| Pill burden, mean (SD) | 7.5 (2.6) | 6.9 (2.5) | n = 34 8.2 (3.4) |
0.069b |
| BDI, median (IQR) | n = 82 12.0 (5.8–22.3) |
n = 70 7.0 (4.0–12.3) |
n = 28 9.0 (6.0–14.5) |
0.009a |
| STAI State, median (IQR) | n = 80 39.5 (29.3–47.8) |
n = 66 32.0 (26.0–40.0) |
n = 28 33.0 (25.3–46.0) |
0.026a |
| STAI Trait, median (IQR) | n = 79 41.0 (30.0–47.0) |
n = 63 34.0 (29.0–46.0) |
n = 28 35.0 (27.0–42.8) |
0.093a |
BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; CNS, central nervous system; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; EPO, erythropoeitin; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; EZE, ezetemibe; HD, hemodialysis; IVE, intracranial vascular event; IQR, interquartile range; MCQ, Metacognition Questionnaire; PD, peritoneal dialysis; PTH, parathyroid hormone; SBP, systolic blood pressure; STAI, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory; TMT, Trail Making Test; 3MS, Modified Mini Mental State Examination.
a
Kruskal−Wallis test.
b
One-way analysis of variance.
c
Pearson χ2 test.
d
Fisher exact test.