Table 1.
Bat baseline descriptive characteristics by outcome group.
| Bat characteristics | Astrovirus + ve |
Astrovirus − ve |
Total |
P-value⁎ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 43 (9.98%) | N = 388 (90.02%) | N = 431 | ||
| Bat species | < 0.001 | |||
| Eonycteris spelaea | 30 (69.8%) | 139 (35.8%) | 169 (39.2%) | |
| Cynopterus brachyotis | 0 (0%) | 144 (37.11%) | 144 (33.4%) | |
| Penthetor lucasi | 0 (0%) | 79 (20.4%) | 79 (18.3%) | |
| Rhinolophus lepidus | 13 (30.2%) | 23 (5.9%) | 36 (8.4%) | |
| Macroglossus minimus | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.2%) | |
| Myotis sp. | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.2%) | |
| Pipstrelle stenopterus | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.2%) | |
| Sex | 0.17 | |||
| Female | 15 (34.9%) | 179 (46.1%) | 194 (45%) | |
| Male | 28 (62.8%) | 203 (52.6%) | 231 (53.6%) | |
| Missing dataa | 1 (2.3%) | 5 (1.3%) | 6 (1.4%) | |
| Age | 0.02 | |||
| Juvenile | 14 (31.8%) | 81 (20.9%) | 95 (22%) | |
| Sub-adult/adult | 24 (54.6%) | 299 (77.3%) | 323 (74.9%) | |
| Missing dataa | 6 (13.6%) | 7 (1.8%) | 13 (3%) | |
| Roost location | < 0.001 | |||
| Bukit Timah | 13 (30.2%) | 100 (25.8%) | 113 (26.2%) | |
| Kent Ridge | 1 (2.3%) | 94 (24.2%) | 95 (22%) | |
| Pulau Ubin | 0 (0%) | 3 (0.8%) | 3 (0.7%) | |
| Rifle Range Road | 29 (67.4%) | 149 (38.4%) | 178 (41.3%) | |
| Dairy Farm | 0 (0%) | 23 (5.9%) | 23 (5.3%) | |
| Sian Tan Avenue | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.2%) | |
| Telok Blangah | 0 (0%) | 18 (4.6%) | 18 (4.2%) | |
| Body condition index | < 0.001 | |||
| Mean | 0.491 | 0.608 | 0.597 | |
| Std. dev. | 0.274 | 0.199 | 0.210 | |
| Median | 0.541 | 0.592 | 0.590 | |
| Missing dataa | 5 (11.4%) | 20 (5.2%) | 25 (5.8%) |
In categorical variables, the first characterization under the variable heading is the reference category.
Information in parentheses (%).
⁎
Categorical variables' p-value based on Chi-squared test (≥ 5 per cell) or Fisher's exact test (< 5 per cell). Continuous variable p-value based on Wald Z-test.
a
Missing data for this variable; statistical analyses based on available data.