Table 2.
Potential correlates of low urinary creatinine excretion
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Age (yr) | |||||||||
| <48.4 (ref) | |||||||||
| 48.5−59.3 | 1.26 | 0.88−1.79 | 0.21 | 1.24 | 0.87−1.77 | 0.24 | 1.20 | 0.73−1.97 | 0.48 |
| 59.4−67.35 | 1.43 | 1.002−2.03 | 0.05 | 1.33 | 0.93−1.91 | 0.12 | 1.40 | 0.84−2.34 | 0.20 |
| 67.36−74.07 | 1.30 | 0.91−1.86 | 0.14 | 1.23 | 0.85−1.76 | 0.27 | 0.88 | 0.51−1.51 | 0.63 |
| ≥74.1 | 0.50 | 0.34−0.73 | <0.001 | 0.45 | 0.30−0.67 | <0.001 | 0.31 | 0.17−0.57 | <0.001 |
| Male gender | 1.31 | 1.03−1.66 | 0.03 | 1.66 | 1.21−2.27 | 0.002 | 2.07 | 1.32−3.25 | 0.002 |
| Race | |||||||||
| Caucasian (ref) | |||||||||
| Non−Caucasian | 1.24 | 0.83−1.86 | 0.30 | 1.07 | 0.70−1.64 | 0.75 | 0.97 | 0.52−1.80 | 0.92 |
| Educational level | |||||||||
| Level 1 | |||||||||
| Level 2 | 0.96 | 0.53−1.74 | 0.89 | 0.80 | 0.43−1.50 | 0.48 | 0.88 | 0.40−1.93 | 0.75 |
| Level 3 | 1.07 | 0.67−1.73 | 0.77 | 0.90 | 0.54−1.50 | 0.69 | 1.06 | 0.56−2.01 | 0.86 |
| Level 4 | 1.17 | 0.80−1.71 | 0.41 | 1.07 | 0.71−1.61 | 0.76 | 1.67 | 0.98−2.83 | 0.06 |
| Level 5 | 1.05 | 0.77−1.42 | 0.78 | 0.95 | 0.70−1.32 | 0.77 | 1.00 | 0.66−1.51 | 0.99 |
| Primary kidney disease | |||||||||
| Glomerulonephritis (ref) | |||||||||
| DM | 2.16 | 1.39−3.35 | 0.001 | 2.30 | 1.46−3.62 | <0.001 | 3.02 | 1.28−7.09 | 0.01 |
| Renovascular disease | 1.58 | 1.04−2.41 | 0.03 | 1.77 | 1.14−2.75 | 0.01 | 2.27 | 1.22−4.24 | 0.01 |
| Other | 1.56 | 1.08−2.26 | 0.02 | 1.75 | 1.20−2.55 | 0.004 | 1.94 | 1.18−3.21 | 0.009 |
| Smoking | 1.38 | 1.06−1.78 | 0.02 | 1.33 | 1.02−1.74 | 0.04 | 1.36 | 0.95−1.96 | 0.10 |
| GFR quartiles (ml/min) | |||||||||
| 1st (1.6−5.3) | 25.8 | 16.0−41.8 | <0.001 | 33.2 | 20.0−55.1 | <0.001 | 41.4 | 22.5−76.2 | <0.001 |
| 2nd (5.3−7.2) | 6.15 | 3.95−9.55 | <0.001 | 7.13 | 4.50−11.3 | <0.001 | 9.03 | 5.21−15.7 | <0.001 |
| 3rd (7.2−9.6) | 2.26 | 1.36−3.78 | 0.002 | 2.29 | 1.35−3.87 | 0.002 | 2.35 | 1.26−4.38 | 0.008 |
| 4th (9.6−32.4) (ref) | |||||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 1.33 | 0.94−1.88 | 0.10 | 1.29 | 0.90−1.85 | 0.17 | 1.34 | 0.79−2.29 | 0.28 |
| Heart failure | 1.47 | 1.04−2.08 | 0.03 | 1.63 | 1.13−2.37 | 0.009 | 1.29 | 0.74−2.25 | 0.36 |
| DM | 1.25 | 0.95−1.64 | 0.11 | 1.28 | 0.96−1.70 | 0.09 | 1.14 | 0.59−2.21 | 0.70 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1.37 | 1.00−1.87 | 0.05 | 1.45 | 1.04−2.01 | 0.03 | 1.73 | 1.06−2.83 | 0.03 |
| CVA | 0.90 | 0.61−1.34 | 0.61 | 0.90 | 0.60−1.35 | 0.61 | 1.06 | 0.61−1.85 | 0.84 |
| Malignancy | 1.04 | 0.67−1.62 | 0.86 | 1.09 | 0.68−1.75 | 0.72 | 1.11 | 0.60−2.07 | 0.73 |
| Chronic lung disease | 1.47 | 0.85−2.54 | 0.17 | 1.48 | 0.85−2.58 | 0.17 | 2.06 | 1.03−4.14 | 0.04 |
CI, confidence interval; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; DM, diabetes mellitus; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; OR, odds ratio.
The dependent variable in the analyses is low urinary creatinine excretion.
Model 1 = crude; Model 2 = adjusted for age, race, sex, and height; Model 3 = all variables added in 1 model.
Educational level: level 1 = university; level 5 = primary school or less.