Table 3.

Associations of frailty, the individual components, and frailty-associated variables with low urinary creatinine excretion

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
	OR	95% CI	P value	OR	95% CI	P value	OR	95% CI	P value
Frailty (n = 353)	2.11	1.25−3.54	0.005	2.19	1.28−3.77	0.005	1.65	0.86−3.15	0.13
Individual frailty components
Poor physical performance (n = 364)	1.36	1.04−1.79	0.03	1.35	1.02−1.79	0.04	1.31	0.93−1.84	0.12
Exhaustion/fatigue (n = 371)	2.37	1.42−3.96	0.001	2.40	1.41−4.08	0.001	1.79	0.96−3.35	0.07
Underweight (n = 1281)	3.75	1.76−7.98	0.001	3.86	1.80−8.28	0.001	4.26	1.74−10.4	0.002
Physical inactivity (n = 376)	1.72	1.06−2.78	0.03	1.79	1.08−2.97	0.02	1.42	0.77−2.59	0.26
Frailty−associated variables
Hemoglobin (mmol/L) (n = 927)	0.70	0.62−0.79	<0.001	0.70	0.62−0.79	<0.001	1.12	0.95−1.31	0.18
Albumin (g/L) (n = 1182)	0.92	0.91−0.94	<0.001	0.93	0.91−0.95	<0.001	0.97	0.95−0.998	0.03
PTH (per 10 pmol/L) (n = 251)	1.14	1.00−1.29	0.05	1.16	1.02−1.33	0.03	1.04	0.91−1.20	0.57
Charlson Comorbidity Index (n = 905)
Class 1 (ref)
Class 2	1.11	0.80−1.55	0.53	0.99	0.79−1.39	0.94	0.92	0.61−1.37	0.67
Class 3	1.25	0.91−1.71	0.28	0.75	0.47−1.20	0.23	0.64	0.36−1.11	0.11
Moderate to severe PEW (n = 260)	2.22	0.90−5.47	0.08	2.22	0.90−5.65	0.10	1.43	0.48−4.28	0.53

CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; PEW, protein-energy wasting according the Subjective Global Assessment of nutritional status; PTH, parathyroid hormone.

The dependent variable in the analyses is low urinary creatinine excretion.

Model 1 = crude; Model 2 = model 1 + adjusted for heart failure, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction , peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular accident, malignancy, and chronic lung disease; Model 3 = model 2 + glomerular filtration rate. Charlson Comorbidity Index: class 3 indicating the highest comorbidity burden.