Table 2. Baseline characteristics of the 72 PPGL patients according to the occurrence of metastasis.
| Variable | PPGL (N = 72) | Non-metastatic PPGL (N = 57) | Metastatic PPGL (N = 15) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean±SD | 46.0±15.3 | 47.8±14.5 | 39.5±16.7 | 0.061 |
| Female, N (%) | 57 (79.2%) | 47 (82.5%) | 10 (66.7%) | 0.326 |
| Height (cm), mean±SD | 159.0±7.6 | 158.1±7.7 | 162.4±6.7 | 0.052 |
| Weight (kg), mean±SD | 59.7±9.4 | 59.4±9.7 | 60.9±8.6 | 0.586 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean±SD | 23.6±3.3 | 23.7±3.4 | 23.1±3.1 | 0.496 |
| Size of tumor (cm), mean±SD | 7.0±3.5 | 6.6±3.3 | 8.5±4.1 | 0.060 |
| PGL, N (%) | 9 (12.5%) | 7 (12.3%) | 2 (13.3%) | 0.999 |
| Familial form, N (%) | 6 (8.3%) | 4 (7.0%) | 2 (13.3%) | 0.793 |
| Functioning type, N (%) | 60 (83.3%) | 47 (82.5%) | 13 (86.7%) | >0.999 |
| Adrenergic type, N (%) | 39 (65.0%) | 33 (70.2%) | 6 (46.2%) | 0.097 |
| Noradrenergic type, N (%) | 21 (35.0%) | 14 (29.8%) | 7 (53.8%) | |
| UMN (μg/day), median [IQR] | 1087.7 [142.7; 3002.5] | 1013.4 [138.6; 2876.3] | 1373.2 [669.7; 3429.4 | 0.459 |
| UNM (μg/day), median [IQR] | 3510.0 [1965.3; 7132.5] | 3510.0 [2234.6; 7206.8] | 4000.3 [2411.6; 5060.3] | 0.732 |
| Loss of SDHB staining on IHC, N (%) | 11 (15.3%) | 6 (10.5%) | 5 (33.3%) | 0.044 |
| Metastases, N (%) | 15 (20.8%) | |||
| Synchronous metastases, N (%) | 5 (6.9%) | |||
| Metachronous metastases, N (%) | 10 (13.9%) | |||
| Duration of follow-up (months), mean±SD | 43.5±37.4 | 46.8±38.7 | 30.8±28.7 | 0.083 |
BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile ranges; IHC, immunohistochemistry; PHEO, pheochromocytoma; PGL, paraganglioma; PPGL, pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma; SD, standard deviation; SDHB, succinate dehydrogenase gene subunit B; UMN, urine fractionated metanephrine; UNM, urine fractionated normetanephrine.
If the UMN levels were high, with or without elevated UNM levels, the catecholamine type was adrenergic type. If the UNM levels were high, without elevated UMN levels, the catecholamine type was noradrenergic type.
Synchronous metastases were defined as metastatic lesions at the time or <6 months after diagnosis of the primary tumor and metachronous metastases were defined as metastatic lesions ≥ 6 months after the initial time of diagnosis and/or resection of the primary tumor.
Significant results (P<0.05) are in bold.