Table 5. Association of the individual parameters of the M-GAPP at the initial operation with occurrence of metastasis.
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| Histological pattern | ||||
| Zellballen | Ref | Ref | ||
| Large and irregular cell nest or pseudorosette (even focal) | 4.11 (1.16–14.61) | 0.029 | 4.11 (1.00–17.11) | 0.049 |
| Comedo-type necrosis | 64.08 (7.25–566.26) | <0.001 | 79.40 (6.22–10.14.48) | 0.001 |
| Vascular invasion | 3.48 (1.18–10.26) | 0.024 | 2.95 (0.87–9.99) | 0.082 |
| Ki67 labeling index (%) | ||||
| <1 | Ref | Ref | ||
| ≥1 | 3.94 (1.17–13.19) | 0.026 | 4.77 (1.03–22.06) | 0.046 |
| Catecholamine type | ||||
| Non-functioning or adrenergic type | Ref | Ref | ||
| Noradrenergic type | 3.89 (1.33–11.39) | 0.013 | 1.49 (0.33–6.62) | 0.603 |
| SDHB IHC negativity | 3.70 (1.26–10.89) | 0.018 | 1.61 (0.41–6.37) | 0.495 |
CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; IHC, immunohistochemistry; M-GAPP, Modified Grading system for Adrenal Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma; PPGL, pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma; SDHB, succinate dehydrogenase gene subunit B.
If the UMN levels were high, with or without elevated UNM levels, the catecholamine type was adrenergic type. If the UNM levels were high, without elevated UMN levels, the catecholamine type was noradrenergic type.
Significant results (P < 0.05) are in bold.