Table 1.
Sociodemographic, behavioral, and policy characteristics of respondents and their associations with menu labeling use among adults in 17 statesa, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2012
| Characteristic | All respondents | Menu labeling useb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequent | Moderate | Never | ||
| n (%)c | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | |
| Total sample (N=100,141) | 100,141 (100.0) | 25.6 (0.3) | 31.6 (0.3) | 42.7d (0.3) |
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| Sociodemographic factors | ||||
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| Age, y (n=99,383) | ||||
| 18–29 | 9,918 (20.5) | 23.2 (0.8) | 32.8 (0.8) | 44.0 (1.0) |
| 30–39 | 11,711 (17.0) | 27.1 (0.8) | 33.7 (0.8) | 39.2 (0.9) |
| 40–49 | 15,073 (18.3) | 27.3 (0.7) | 31.8 (0.8) | 40.9 (0.8) |
| 50–59 | 21,241 (18.6) | 26.6 (0.6) | 31.7 (0.6) | 41.7 (0.7) |
| 60–69 | 20,593 (13.8) | 26.7 (0.7) | 29.6 (0.7) | 43.7 (0.8) |
| ≥70 | 20,847 (11.7) | 22.3 (0.6) | 28.6 (0.7) | 49.1 (0.8) |
| Sex (n=100,141) | ||||
| Men | 40,772 (48.0) | 18.8 (0.4) | 28.1 (0.5) | 53.1d (0.5) |
| Women | 59,369 (52.0) | 31.9 (0.4) | 34.9 (0.4) | 33.2d (0.4) |
| Race/ethnicity (n=96,400) | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 78,828 (68.5) | 25.3 (0.3) | 30.9 (0.4) | 43.8d (0.4) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 7,744 (14.8) | 27.7 (1.0) | 31.2 (1.1) | 41.1d (1.1) |
| Hispanic | 3,943 (10.0) | 24.2 (1.2) | 33.9 (1.5) | 41.8d (1.4) |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 5,885 (6.6) | 28.3 (1.8) | 36.8 (2.2) | 45.0d (1.6) |
| Education level (n=99,956) | ||||
| ≤High school | 36,564 (41.7) | 19.9 (0.5) | 30.5 (0.5) | 49.6 (0.6) |
| Some college | 28,444 (30.6) | 26.5 (0.6) | 31.5 (0.6) | 42.0 (0.6) |
| College graduate | 34,948 (27.7) | 33.3 (0.5) | 33.4 (0.5) | 33.3 (0.5) |
| Marital status (n=99,753) | ||||
| Married | 56,908 (55.8) | 26.7 (0.4) | 32.6 (0.4) | 40.8 (0.4) |
| Not marriede | 42,845 (44.2) | 24.3 (0.5) | 30.5 (0.5) | 45.2 (0.6) |
| Annual household income (n=100,141) | ||||
| <$25,000 | 24,263 (24.4) | 21.4 (0.6) | 32.0 (0.7) | 46.5 (0.7) |
| $25,000–$49,999 | 23,826 (21.7) | 23.6 (0.6) | 30.4 (0.7) | 46.0 (0.7) |
| $50,000–$74,999 | 14,659 (13.6) | 25.4 (0.7) | 31.7 (0.8) | 42.8 (0.8) |
| ≥$75,000 | 25,054 (26.3) | 32.4 (0.6) | 32.3 (0.6) | 35.4 (0.6) |
| Don’t Know/Refused/Missing | 12,339 (13.4) | 23.3 (0.9) | 31.5 (1.0) | 45.2 (1.1) |
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| Behavioral factors | ||||
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| Weight statusf (n=95,470) | ||||
| Underweight/normal weight | 33,097 (35.5) | 26.9 (0.6) | 29.7 (0.6) | 43.3 (0.6) |
| Overweight | 34,877 (36.2) | 25.2 (0.5) | 30.5 (0.5) | 44.3 (0.6) |
| Obese | 27,496 (28.2) | 24.2 (0.6) | 34.5 (0.6) | 41.4 (0.6) |
| Leisure time physical activity during the past 30 days (n=100,035) | ||||
| Yes | 75,994 (76.6) | 27.9 (0.4) | 32.2 (0.4) | 39.9 (0.4) |
| No | 24,041 (23.4) | 18.3 (0.6) | 29.6 (0.7) | 52.1 (0.7) |
| Smoking status (n=99,716) | ||||
| Current | 16,327 (18.0) | 17.7 (0.6) | 26.2 (0.7) | 56.1 (0.8) |
| Former | 29,013 (24.7) | 26.0 (0.5) | 29.1 (0.6) | 44.9 (0.6) |
| Never | 54,376 (56.8) | 28.1 (0.4) | 34.5 (0.5) | 37.4 (0.5) |
| SSB consumptiong (n=98,550) | ||||
| None | 32,743 (27.1) | 34.8 (0.6) | 28.5 (0.6) | 36.7 (0.6) |
| >0 to <1 time/day | 43,353 (44.7) | 25.8 (0.5) | 34.9 (0.5) | 39.3 (0.5) |
| ≥1 time/day | 22,454 (28.2) | 16.8 (0.5) | 29.7 (0.6) | 53.5 (0.7) |
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| Policy factor | ||||
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| Menu labeling legislationh(n= 100,141) | ||||
| Enacted or proposed | 36,817 (62.7) | 27.3 (0.4) | 31.6 (0.5) | 41.1 (0.5) |
| None | 63,324 (37.3) | 22.8 (0.3) | 31.7 (0.4) | 45.5 (0.4) |
17 states included were Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Tennessee.
χ2 tests were used for each variable to examine differences across categories, and all p-values were <0.0001. Frequent category included “Always” and “Most of the time” and moderate category included “About half of the time” and “Sometimes”.
Unweighted sample size and weighted percentage are presented. Weighted percentage may not add up to 100% because of rounding.
Never user prevalence for total, sex, and race/ethnicity were previously reported.16
Not married included “Never married”, “Divorced”, “Widowed” and “Separated”.
Weight status categories were defined using calculated BMI (kg/m2): underweight/normal weight, BMI<25; overweight, BMI 25‒<30; Obese, BMI ≥30.
SSBs included regular soda and fruit drinks (excluding 100% fruit juice). Weekly or monthly SSB intake during the past 30 days was converted to daily SSB intake.
Menu labeling legislation status as of January 1, 2012. States with enacted or proposed legislation included Delaware, Hawaii, Iowa, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and states with no legislation included Georgia, Kansas, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, South Dakota.