Table 1.
Participant characteristics of study sample by baseline binge eating (BE)
| No BE | BE | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, No (%) | 4026 (82.5) | 546 (11.2) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 59.22 (6.71) | 57.40 (6.57) | <0.001 |
| Sex | |||
| Male, No. (%) | 1705 (42.3) | 198 (36.3) | 0.007 |
| Female, No. (%) | 2321 (57.7) | 348 (63.7) | |
| Race, No. (%) | |||
| White | 2652 (65.9) | 418 (76.6) | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 577 (14.3) | 54 (9.9) | |
| African American | 666 (16.5) | 55 (10.1) | |
| Other/Mixed | 131 (3.3) | 19 (3.5) | |
| Education, No. (%) | |||
| <13 yrs | 783 (19.4) | 76 (13.9) | 0.01 |
| 13–16 yrs | 1470 (36.5) | 198 (36.3) | |
| >16 yrs | 1688 (41.9) | 259 (47.4) | |
| Married, No. (%) | 2676 (66.5) | 356 (65.2) | 0.55 |
| BMI | 35.70 (5.77) | 37.26 (6.06) | <0.001 |
| Previous weight loss attempts, No. | 5.70 (5.42) | 8.32 (6.55) | <0.001 |
| Previous weight loss, lbs | 64.90 (84.64) | 102.28 (106.49) | <0.001 |
| Daily caloric intake, kcala | 1920.24 (836.83) | 2350.26 (980.71) | <0.001 |
| Daily fat intake, %a | 39.78 (7.04) | 40.86 (6.60) | 0.01 |
| Daily protein intake, %a | 17.22 (2.92) | 16.96 (2.69) | 0.14 |
| Daily intake carbohydrates, %a | 43.85 (7.73) | 43.12 (7.18) | 0.12 |
| BDI score, mean (SD) | 4.92 (4.54) | 7.60 (5.49) | <0.001 |
| Alcoholic drinks (oz/week; sum beer, wine, liquor/wk), mean (SD), No./wk | 9.00 (25.77) | 6.94 (19.82) | 0.03 |
| Smoking, No. (%) | |||
| Current | 173 (4.3) | 19 (3.5) | 0.32 |
| Former | 1828 (45.4) | 270 (49.5) | |
| Never | 2018 (50.1) | 256 (46.9) | |
| Binge drinking, No. (%) | 206 (5.1) | 16 (2.9) | 0.03 |
| Physical health, mean (SD) | 48.32 (7.74) | 46.20 (8.70) | <0.001 |
| Mental health, mean (SD) | 54.82 (7.47) | 50.69 (9.64) | <0.001 |
| Glycated hemoglobin level, mean (SD), % | 7.26 (1.15) | 7.26 (1.15) | 0.88 |
| Diabetes duration, mean (SD), y | 6.62 (6.35) | 7.18 (6.43) | 0.06 |
| Medications No., mean (SD) | 5.58 (2.93) | 5.87 (3.06) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes treatment, No. (%) | |||
| Diet only | 510 (13.1) | 70 (13.3) | 0.96 |
| Oral medications without insulin | 2667 (68.4) | 358 (67.8) | |
| Insulin | 720 (18.5) | 100 (18.9) |
*
Excludes participants reporting compensatory behaviors at baseline;
a
Scores for a subsample of participants who completed food frequency questionnaire (n=2108 for no BE and 314 for individuals with BE).