Relative BMPRIa (a) and BMPRII (b) gene expression (mean + SD) in CD canine CLC micro-aggregates treated with basal culture medium (control), supplemented with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1, 1 μg/mL or 10 ng/mL canine Link-N (LN), or 0.5 μg/mL or 5 ng/mL canine short Link-N (sLN) for 7 days in hypoxia (5% O2). Controls were set at 1. n = 6. Phosphorylated (p)Smad 1 and 2 levels in human (c, d), bovine (e, f), and canine (g, h) CLCs cultured in monolayers stimulated with 1 μg/mL human and canine Link-N (LN) and 0.5 μg/mL human and canine short Link-N (sLN) in hypoxia (5% O2) for 24 hours. *: p < 0.05; ●: significantly different (p < 0.05) from controls; x: significantly different (p < 0.05) from all other conditions. n = 5.