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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 5.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Sep 5;70(10):1232–1244. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.734

(A) Immunohistochemistry shows CD45-positive cells (arrows) are frequent in the untreated post-MI LV constraint valves (center) with marked increase in cellular proliferation indicated by Ki67 staining, significantly increased number of microvessels and prominent endothelial activation indicated by VCAM-1, all markedly reduced by losartan (right panels) and largely absent in the quiescent sham group valves (no tethering or MI). (B) Histological quantification confirms these losartan effects. CD = cluster of differentiation; HPF = high-powered field; VCAM-1 = vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Other abbreviations as in Figure 1.

(A) Immunohistochemistry shows CD45-positive cells (arrows) are frequent in the untreated post-MI LV constraint valves (center) with marked increase in cellular proliferation indicated by Ki67 staining, significantly increased number of microvessels and prominent endothelial activation indicated by VCAM-1, all markedly reduced by losartan (right panels) and largely absent in the quiescent sham group valves (no tethering or MI). (B) Histological quantification confirms these losartan effects. CD = cluster of differentiation; HPF = high-powered field; VCAM-1 = vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Other abbreviations as in Figure 1.