. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 5.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Sep 5;70(10):1232–1244. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.734

Table 2.

Echocardiographic, Histological, and Flow Cytometric Results of LV Constraint Versus Losartan-Treated Sheep

	Sham	Tethered + MI LV Constraint	Tethered + MI Losartan
Baseline LVEDV, ml	47.0 ± 4.4	47.9 ± 2.7	45.6 ± 8.3
Euthanasia LVEDV, ml	47.5 ± 6.7	57.7 ± 11.6	62.4 ± 6^*
Baseline LVESV, ml	16.6 ± 3.4	18.7 ± 2.9	16.9 ± 3.1
Euthanasia LVESV, ml	19.6 ± 3.9	33.7 ± 8.1^*	30.6 ± 6.6^*
Baseline tenting volume, cm³	1.2 ± 0.5	1.2 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.5
Euthanasia tenting volume, cm³	1.3 ± 0.2	2.3 ± 0.4^*	2 ± 0.6^*
Leaflet area increase, %	−0.9 ± 4.1	17.8 ± 8.1^*	16.7 ± 5.4^*
Leaflet thickness, mm	0.4 ± 0.05	1.6 ± 0.2^*	0.8 ± 0.2^*^‡
VECs coexpressing α-SMA, %	7.2 ± 3.4	51.6 ± 11.7^*	27.2 ± 12^‡
CD45-positive cells/HPF	3.3 ± 1.2	21.9 ± 3.5^*	10.7 ± 1.3^*^‡
Ki67-positive cells/HPF	4.7 ± 1	32.5 ± 14^*	4.3 ± 1.2^‡
Microvessels/HPF	0.9 ± 1.6	4.9 ± 1.9^*	0.3 ± 0.8^‡

Values are mean ± SD.

p < 0.05 sham vs. LV constraint vs. losartan

^‡

p < 0.05 tethered + MI LV constraint vs. tethered + MI losartan.

HPF = high-powered field, LV = left ventricular; LVEDV = left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV = left ventricular end-systolic volume; MI = apical myocardial infarction; SMA = smooth muscle actin; VECs = valvular endothelial cells