Table 2.

Crude Associations of Covariates with Log-Transformed Prenatal and Postnatal Mn Tooth Concentrations (AUC ⁵⁵Mn:⁴³ Ca)^a (n=142)

Covariate	Prenatal Mn Tooth Concentrations		Postnatal Mn Tooth Concentrations
	Beta	95% CI	Beta	95% CI
Age (years)	0.01	−0.06, 0.09	0.03	−0.07, 0.13
Sex (female vs. male)	−0.03	−0.16, 0.09	0.20	0.04, 0.37**
Site
Valcamonica (vs. GL)	0.10	−0.09, 0.29	0.02	−0.23, 0.27
Bagnolo Mella (vs. GL)	−0.03	−0.19, 0.12	−0.13	−0.34, 0.08
Socioeconomic status
Low (vs. high)	0.03	−0.16, 0.23	0.19	−0.06, 0.45
Medium (vs. high)	0.09	−0.06, 0.25	0.14	−0.07, 0.35
Home score	−0.02	−0.06, 0.03	−0.05	−0.11, 0.01
Birth order
Second (vs. first)	−0.06	−0.20, 0.07	−0.15	−0.33, 0.04
Third or higher (vs. first)	−0.32	−0.50, −0.14***	−0.13	−0.38, 0.12
Videogame use
Doesn’t play (vs. 2+ hrs/day)	0.09	−0.14, 0.32	0.07	−0.25, 0.38
Rarely plays (vs. 2+ hrs/day)	−0.02	−0.19, 0.16	0.12	−0.12, 0.36
1 hr/day (vs. 2+ hrs/day)	0.03	−0.13, 0.19	0.09	−0.12, 0.30
Visual deficits (yes vs. no)	0.04	−0.11, 0.19	−0.06	−0.27, 0.16
Nausea/dizziness during test
Yes (vs. no)	−0.11	−0.28, 0.06	−0.02	−0.21, 0.25
Tooth type
Incisor (vs. canine)	0.35	0.02, 0.68**	−0.06	−0.36, 0.25
Molar (vs. canine)	0.35	0.03, 0.66**	0.15	−0.15, 0.44
Level of tooth lost due to attrition
Less than one-third (vs. none)	−0.10	−0.22, 0.03	−0.23	−0.40, −0.05**
More than one-third	−0.50	−0.71, −0.28***	−0.19	−0.49, 0.12
Blood lead (μg/dL)	0.02	−0.03, 0.07	0.03	−0.04, 0.10
Ferritin (ng/mL)	0.001	−0.01, 0.01	0.001	−0.01, 0.00
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	0.001	−0.06, 0.06	−0.03	−0.11, 0.06

^aOf participants, data were missing for SES (n=1), videogame use (n=2), visual deficits (n=34), nausea/dizziness during test (n=9) tooth type (n=98), blood lead (n=3), ferritin (n=4), hemoglobin (n=5), home score (n=9).

^bSignificance levels are indicated as follows:

^*for p<0.10,

^**for p<0.05,

^***for p<0.01