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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 9.
Published in final edited form as: Br J Nutr. 2017 Mar 27;117(5):686–697. doi: 10.1017/S0007114517000411

Table 4. Mixed-effects regression models of serum uric acid (SUA) by dietary components, stratified by genetic risk score(GRS) tertile (GRStotal)* (Mean values and standard deviations; regression coefficients (γ) with their standard errors of the estimate (SEE)).

GRStotal (T1) GRStotal (T2) GRStotal (T3)
GRStotal score
 Mean 9.19 13.51 16.88
 sd 2.05 1.09 1.37
 Range 3–12 12–15 15–22
SUA Model 1† Model 2† Model 3†
n 256 n′ 453 n 297 n′ 514 n 213 n′ 374
γ SEE P γ SEE P γ SEE P
Fixed effects
 Added sugar (γ01 for π0i) +0.005 0.063 0.94 +0.004 0.006 0.55 +0.004 0.008 0.65
 Added sugar × Time (γ11 for π1i) +0.002 0.001 0.15 +0.001 0.002 0.59 −0.002 0.002 0.21
 Alcohol (γ02 for π0i) +0.005 0.063 0.94 +0.161‡ 0 061 0.009‡ +0.091§ 0.047 0.05§
 Alcohol × Time (γ12 for π1i) −0.005 0.013 0.71 −0.012 0 02 0.48 −0.015 0.012 0.19
 Red meat (γ03 for π0i) +0.078‡ 0.031 0.011‡ +0.01 0.05 0.84 −0.055 0.042 0.19‖
 Red meat × Time (γ13 for π1i) −0.005 0.006 0.37 +0.02 0.01 0.22‖ +0.005 0.010 0.58
 Fish (γ04 for π0i) +0.001 0.04 0.98 +0.11‡ 0.05 0.021‡ −0.010 0.045 0.82
 Fish × Time (γ14 for π1i) −0.000 0.008 0.99 −0.005 0.012 0.66 −0.012 0.010 0.25
 Legumes (γ05 for π0i) −0.759 0.660 0.25 −0.211 0.409 0.61 −0.49‡ 0.23 0.034‡
 Legumes × Time (γ15 for π1i) +0.491‡ 0.125 <0.001‡ −0.038 0.102 0.71‖ +0.083 0.050 0.10‖
 Dairy products (γ06 for π0i) −0.049 0.13 0.70 +0.160 0.124 0.20 +0.102 0.139 0.46
 Dairy products × Time (γ16 for π1i) −0.013 0.024 0.61 −0.057§ 0.030 0.053§ −0.036 0.033 0.26
 Vitamin C (γ07 for π0i) +0.000 0.002 0.91 −0.001 0.001 0.66 −0.005‡ 0.002 0.008‡
 Vitamin C × Time (γ17 for π1i) +0.000 0.000 0.50 +0.000 0.000 0.30 +0.000 0.000 0.31
 Caffeine (γ08 for π0i) +0.001 0.001 0.17 −0.002§ 0.001 0.065§ −0.001 0.001 0.34
 Caffeine × Time (γ18 for π1i) −0.000 0.000 0.47 +0.000 0.000 0.97 +0.000 0.000 0.30

T1, lowest tertile; T2, middle tertile; T3, highest tertile; n, number of participants in the analysis; n′, total number of visits included in the analysis; Agebase, baseline age at visit 1; GRStotal, High Serum Uric Acid Risk Score, total.

*

Random effects are not shown for simplicity.

†

Each of the model's intercepts and slopes were further adjusted for marital status, poverty status, education (years), baseline current smoking status, current illicit drug use and baseline BMI centred at 30kg/m2, the ten principal components for population structure, other dietary factors namely total grains, total fruit, total vegetables, other meats, discretionary solid fat and discretionary oils, and the inverse Mills ratio. Agebase was centred at 50 years, sex was coded as 0 = women, 1 = men, and all dietary factors were centred at their weighted means (see Table 1, total).

‡

P<0.05.

§

P<0.10.

‖

P<005 for interaction with GRStotal tertiles to test effect modification by GRStotal tertiles for each of the eight dietary factors on SUA at baseline and SUA change over time.

Passed correction for multiple testing.