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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 20.
Published in final edited form as: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017 Sep 20;25(11):1988–1996. doi: 10.1002/oby.21979

Table 2.

4-year weight change (lb) according to change in alcohol intake among HPFS men without obesity, 1986–2010 (n=14,971 men contributing 44,603 4-year periods)

2a. Average weight change, lb (95% CI) for every one-drink continuous change in alcohol consumption
Age-Adjusted
Model1 		p-
value 		Multivariable-
Adjusted Model2 		p-value Multivariable2 +
Total Energy
Adjusted Model		 p-value
Total Alcohol 0.20 (0.08, 0.32) 0.001 0.23 (0.10, 0.35) <0.001 0.19 (0.06, 0.32) 0.004
Beer 0.30 (0.09, 0.52) 0.006 0.29 (0.08, 0.51) 0.008 0.25 (0.03, 0.47) 0.03
Wine 0.09 (−0.11, 0.29) 0.40 0.16 (−0.04, 0.36) 0.11 0.13 (−0.07, 0.33) 0.21
Liquor 0.28 (0.08, 0.48) 0.007 0.28 (0.09, 0.48) 0.005 0.26 (0.05, 0.46) 0.01
2b. Average weight change, lb (95% CI) by category of total alcohol change
Age-Adjusted
Model1 		Multivariable-
Adjusted Model2 		Multivariable2 +
Total Energy
Adjusted Model
Total Alcohol # 4-year periods
Decreased by ≥2 drinks/day 745 0.03 (−0.57, 0.64) −0.24 (−0.84, 0.36) −0.15 (−0.76, 0.46)
Decreased by 1–<2 drinks/day 1,585 −0.52 (−0.90, −0.15) −0.55 (−0.93, −0.18) −0.51 (−0.88, −0.13)
Decreased by <1 drink/day 7,102 −0.22 (−0.40, −0.03) −0.21 (−0.39, −0.03) −0.20 (−0.38, −0.01)
No change3 25,365 0.00 (ref) 0.00 (ref) 0.00 (ref)
Increased by <1 drink/day 7,461 0.13 (−0.05, 0.30) 0.13 (−0.05, 0.31) 0.11 (−0.07, 0.29)
Increased by 1–<2 drinks/day 1,702 0.27 (−0.09, 0.63) 0.20 (−0.15, 0.56) 0.16 (−0.21, 0.52)
Increased by ≥2 drinks/day 643 0.62 (−0.04, 1.28) 0.62 (−0.04, 1.27) 0.52 (−0.14, 1.19)
1

Age-adjusted models are adjusted for age (years) at start of each 4-year period

2

Multivariable-adjusted models are adjusted for age (years) at start of each 4-year period, year (at start of 4-year period), history of high cholesterol (ever, never), history of high blood pressure (ever, never), 4-year change in the following time-varying covariates: smoking status (current, past, never), total physical activity (MET hours per week), vigorous physical activity (MET hours per week), watching TV (hours per week), sleep (hours per night), and 4-year change in the following dietary covariates (servings/day): fried potatoes, fruits, vegetables, juice, whole grains, refined grains, fried foods, processed meat, non-processed meat, nuts, coffee, sweets, sugar sweetened beverages (other than juice), diet beverages, whole-fat dairy products, low-fat dairy products, seafood, and trans fat. Beer, wine, and liquor were also mutually adjusted for each other. When total alcohol intake was the main exposure models were not adjusted for any alcohol subtypes.

3

No change was defined as changing by less than 1 drink per week (0.14 drinks per day).