Figure 3. Loss of SIDT2 impairs innate immunity to HSV-1 infection.

(A) Vero cells were infected with 1 MOI GFP-tagged HSV-1 virus for 24 h, stained with J2 anti-dsRNA antibody (red) and DAPI (blue), and imaged by confocal microscopy. In the absence of HSV-1 infection, no dsRNA was evident (top panel), whereas following HSV-1 challenge dsRNA was readily observed in uninfected cells (bottom panel, arrows). Data are representative of three independent experiments. Scale bar = 20 μm. (B) Sidt2^+/+ and Sidt2^−/− MEFs were infected with 1 MOI mCherry-tagged HSV-1 virus for the indicated times and analysed by flow cytometry. Data is representative of 3 independent experiments. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. (C) Cell culture supernatant from Sidt2^+/+ and Sidt2^−/− MEFs infected with 1 MOI mCherry-tagged HSV-1 was collected at 96 h p.i. and IFN-β was measured via ELISA. (D) Sidt2^+/+ and Sidt2^−/− mice (n=13–15) were infected with 1×10⁷ PFU HSV-1 i.p. and survival monitored for 8 days. (E–F) Serum from Sidt2^+/+ and Sidt2^−/− mice (n=10–13) was collected at 8h and 16h p.i. respectively and serum IFNβ was measured via ELISA. (G–H) Serum IL-6 and RANTES from Sidt2^+/+ and Sidt2^−/− mice (n=10–13) at 16 h p.i. were measured using Bioplex bead assay. For panels E–H, data are plotted as mean ± SEM. ^* P < 0.05, ^*** P < 0.001, n.s. = not significant. Data represents the pooled results from 3 independent experiments. See also Figure S3.