Table 1.

Upregulation and sequence alterations of DNA repair genes in long-lived species

Mechanisms	Genes	Alterations	Species	Control species	Refs
DNA damage response	TP53	upregulation	Human and naked mole rat	Mouse	[60]
	Chek1, Rif1	upregulation	Long-lived bats and rodents	Short-lived counterparts	[61]
Base excision repair	MBD4, MUTYH, NEIL1, NEIL2, TDG, POLL	upregulation	Human and naked mole rat	Mouse	[60]
Nucleotide excision repair	Ercc1	upregulation	Long-lived bats and rodents	Short-lived counterparts	[61]
		Mutations	Bowhead whale	9 mammals	[63]
	Ercc3	Positive selection	Bowhead whale	Minke whale, cow, and dolphin	[63]
DNA Mismatch repair	MSH3	upregulation	Human and naked mole rat	Mouse	[60]
	Msh6, Pms2	upregulation	Long-lived bats and rodents	Short-lived counterparts	[61]
DNA double strand break repair	NHEJ1, XRCC6, POLL	upregulation	Human and naked mole rat	Mouse	[60]
	Pnkp, Rad51b, Prpf19, Slx4	upregulation	Long-lived bats and rodents	Short-lived counterparts	[61]
	ATM, PRKDC, RAD50, KU80	Positive selection	Myotis davidii, Pteropus alecto	8 non-bat mammals	[64]
Fanconi anemia DNA repair	Faap100, Fancg	upregulation	Long-lived bats and rodents	Short-lived counterparts	[61]