Table 1.
Summary of ancient DNA from 15 prehistoric individuals newly reported in this study.
| ID | Population label | Date* In calibrated years before present defined as 1950 (calBP) |
Location | Lat. | Long. | Y chromosome haplogroup | mtDNA hg | Damage rate at 5′ CpG dinucleotides | SNPs hit on 1.2 M autosomal targets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I9028 | South_Africa_2000BP | 2241–1965 calBP (2330 ± 25 BP, UGAMS-7255) | St. Helena, South Africa | −32.8 | 18.0 | A1b1b2a | L0d2c1$ | 28% | 731,098 (1.1X shotgun) |
| I9133 | South_Africa_2000BP | 2017–1748 calBP (2000 ± 50 BP, Pta-5283) | Faraoskop Rock Shelter, South Africa | −32.0 | 18.5 | A1b1b2a | L0d1b2b1b | 33% | 1,028,904 (2.3X shotgun) |
| I9134 | South_Africa_1200BP | 1282–1069 calBP (1310 ± 50 BP, Pta-4373) | Kasteelberg, South Africa | −32.8 | 17.9 | Female | L0d1a1a | 21% | 641,971 (0.8X shotgun) |
| I4427 | Malawi_Fingira_6100BP | 6175–5913 calBP (5270 ± 25 BP, UCIAMS-186346) | Fingira, Malawi | −10.8 | 33.8 | BT | L0d1b2b | 37% | 99,341 |
| I4468 | Malawi_Fingira_6100BP | 6177–5923 calBP (5290 ± 25 BP, UCIAMS-186347) | Fingira, Malawi | −10.8 | 33.8 | BT | L0d1c | 49% | 30,257 |
| I4421 | Malawi_Chencherere_5200BP | 5400–4800 calBP (radiocarbon dating was unsuccessful; the date is based on context of other materials from the same site) | Chencherere, Malawi | −14.4 | 33.8 | Female | L0k2 | 28% | 59,470 |
| I4422 | Malawi_Chencherere_5200BP | 5293–4979 calBP (4525 ± 25 BP, UCIAMS-186348) | Chencherere, Malawi | −14.4 | 33.8 | Female | L0k1 | 42% | 9,355 |
| I2966 | Malawi_Hora_8100BP | 10000–5000 calBP (radiocarbon dating was unsuccessful; the date is based on context of other materials from the same site) | Hora, Malawi | −11.7 | 33.6 | BT | L0k2 (PMDS> 3) | 54% | 610,605 |
| I2967 | Malawi_Hora_8100BP | 8173–7957 calBP (7230 ± 60 BP, PSUAMS-2535) | Hora, Malawi | −11.7 | 33.6 | Female | L0a2 | 48% | 65,686 |
| I4426 | Malawi_Fingira_2500BP | 2676–2330 calBP [2676–2343 calBP (2425 ± 20 BP, PSUAMS-1734), 2483–2330 calBP (2400 ± 20 BP, PSUAMS-1881)] | Fingira, Malawi | −10.8 | 33.8 | Female | L0f | 39% | 635,427 |
| I3726 | Tanzania_Luxmanda_3100BP | 3141–2890 calBP (2925 ± 20 BP, ISGS-A3806) | Luxmanda, Tanzania | −4.3 | 35.3 | Female | L2a1 | 65% | 845,016 |
| I0589 | Tanzania_Zanzibar_1400BP | 1370–1303 calBP (1479 ± 23 BP, OxA-31427) | Kuumbi Cave, Zanzibar Island, Tanzania | −6.4 | 39.5 | Female | L4b2a2c | 22% | 752,917 |
| I1048 | Tanzania_Pemba_1400BP | 1421–1307 calBP (1520 ± 30 BP, Beta-434912) | Makangale Cave, Pemba Island, Tanzania | −4.9 | 39.6 | Female | L0a | 42% | 168,117 |
| I2298 | Tanzania_Pemba_600BP | 639–544 calBP (623 ± 20 BP, Wk-43308) | Makangale Cave, Pemba Island, Tanzania | −4.9 | 39.6 | Female | L2a1a2 | 29% | 695,242 |
| I0595 | Kenya_400BP | 496–322 calBP (388 ± 27 BP, OxA-30803) | Panga ya Saidi, Kenya | −3.7 | 39.7 | E1b1b1b2 | L4b2a2 | 30% | 150,383 |
*
Table S2 provides detailed information on the direct radiocarbon dating measurements.
$
Consistent with previously published mtDNA sequence by (Morris et al., 2014).