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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Complement Ther Med. 2017 Jun 27;34:149–155. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.06.008

Table 1.

Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, and baseline values of outcome variables

Variable Overall (n=63) Completed
Qualitative
Questionnaire
(n=50)		 Did Not
Complete
Questionnaire
(n=13)		 Between Group
Differences
n or
mean		 % or
SD 		n or
mean		 % or
SD 		n or
mean		 % or
SD 		X2/t df p
Demographics
Gender 1.03 1 0.31
Male 9 14% 6 12% 3 23%
Female 54 86% 44 88% 10 77%
Agea 46.78 12.27 47.8 12.2 43.0 12.4 −1.25 61 0.22
Marital Statusb −0.59 1 0.45
Married/Cohabiting 25 40% 19 38% 6 50%
Single/ Divorced/ Separated/ Widowed 37 60% 31 62% 6 50%
Race 0.97 2 0.62
White or Caucasian 53 84% 41 82% 12 92%
Black or African American 2 3% 2 4% 0 0%
Other or Multiracial 8 13% 7 14% 1 8%
Ethnicityb 1.05 1 0.31
Not Latino 60 97% 48 98% 12 92%
Latino 2 3% 1 2% 1 8%
Education
High School or Less 10 16% 8 16% 2 15% 6.38 2 0.04
Some College 17 27% 10 20% 7 54%
College or Graduate Degree 36 57% 32 64% 4 31%
Incomec 2.26 3 0.52
$0–25000 17 28% 12 26% 5 38%
$25000–49,999 23 38% 18 38% 5 38%
$50000–99999 14 23% 11 23% 3 23%
>$100 6 10% 6 13% 0 0%
Clinical and Participation Characteristics
Has Chronic Depressiond 43 71% 34 68% 9 82% 0.83 1 0.36
Level of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS)e 12.92 2.9 12.78 2.97 13.46 2.63 0.75 61 0.45
Number of classes attended in 10 week intervention period 8.87 5.13 9.00 4.82 8.38 6.38 −0.38 61 0.70
Attended at least one yoga class 61 97% 49 98% 12 92% 1.09 1 0.30

Note. MDE = major depressive episode. QIDS = Quick Inventory of Depression Symptomatology.

a

Continuous variables are in italics and differences between groups are compared using a t-test. Variables not in italics are categorical.

b

One participant had missing data for these variables.

c

Three participants had missing data for this variable.

d

All participants had a current episode of major depression or an episode in the previous 2 years. To assess whether their depression would be considered chronic, after assessing the depressive episode, we asked whether they had experienced depressed mood and other symptoms discussed for at least 2 years, more than half the days, with no more than 2 months of feeling okay. Two people had missing data for this variables.

e

Scores of 6–10 reflect mild depression symptoms; 11–15 reflect moderate depression symptoms, and scores 16 or greater reflect severe or very severe symptoms.