Figure 1.

Forest plots for lean tissue mass (A), chest press strength (B), and leg press stress (C).

Notes: Some studies presented data on men and women separately26,41 and on creatine and creatine + protein groups separately;21,22 therefore, these studies are entered twice in the meta-analysis for these separate subgroups. One study also presented data on participants who received creatine before versus after resistance training programs;28 therefore, these subgroups are entered separately in the meta-analysis.

Abbreviations: IV, inverse variance; Std, standardized; Cr, creatine.