Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics
| Current AUD (n=20) | AUD Early Remission (n=23) | AUD Sustained Remission (n=37) | At-Risk for AUD (n=22) | Controls (n=45) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 23.4 (3.6) | 22.5 (2.4) | 23.8 (2.7) | 22.0 (3.1) | 22.0 (3.3) | |
| Sex (% female) | 55.0% | 43.5% | 48.6% | 63.6% | 66.7% | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| Caucasian | 55.0% | 47.8% | 51.4% | 40.9% | 33.4% | |
| African American | 10.0% | 8.7% | 13.5% | 27.3% | 11.1% | |
| Hispanic | 24.4% | 21.7% | 21.6% | 13.6% | 24.4% | |
| Asian | 5.0% | 17.4% | 5.4% | 4.8% | 22.2% | |
| Other/Biracial | 5.6% | 4.4% | 8.1% | 13.4% | 8.9% | |
| Substance Abuse | ||||||
| Alcohol Binges in Past Month | 5.0 (4.2) | 1.0 (2.2) | 1.0 (2.8) | 0.9 (1.4) | 0.2 (0.8) | |
| Drinks Per Week in Past Month | 13.5 (9.2) | 5.0 (3.7) | 5.1 (5.8) | 2.4 (2.5) | 1.3 (2.5) | |
| Daily Cigarette Smoker | 25.0% | 13.0% | 10.8% | 9.1% | 6.7% | |
| Used Illicit Drugs in Past Month (yes/no) | 60.0% | 39.1% | 29.7% | 18.2% | 8.9% | |
| No. Times Used Cannabis in Past Month | 12.1 (23.5) | 5.5 (9.0) | 3.0 (7.0) | 1.5 (6.0) | 0.5 (1.4) | |
| No. Times Used Drug Other than Cannabis in Past Month | 0.4 (1.1) | 0.5 (2.0) | 0.9 (5.1) | 0.6 (2.9) | 0.0 (0.0) | |
| Comorbid Diagnoses and Meds | ||||||
| Current SUD | 25.0% | 13.0% | 10.8% | 4.5% | 6.7% | |
| Lifetime SUD | 60.0% | 40.0% | 35.1% | 18.2% | 8.9% | |
| Current MDD | 0.0% | 4.3% | 2.7% | 0.0% | 2.2% | |
| Lifetime MDD | 40.0% | 43.5% | 37.8% | 36.4% | 26.7% | |
| Current Panic Disorder | 5.0% | 8.7% | 2.7% | 0.0% | 2.2% | |
| Lifetime Panic Disorder | 5.0% | 13.0% | 8.1% | 0.0% | 6.7% | |
| Current SAD | 10.0% | 4.3% | 13.5% | 9.1% | 11.1% | |
| Lifetime SAD | 20.0% | 17.4% | 29.7% | 18.2% | 22.2% | |
| Current Specific Phobia | 25.0% | 13.0% | 16.2% | 13.6% | 15.6% | |
| Lifetime Specific Phobia | 30.0% | 21.7% | 24.3% | 18.2% | 24.4% | |
| Current PTSD | 0.0% | 4.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.2% | |
| Lifetime PTSD | 15.0% | 8.7% | 13.5% | 4.5% | 4.4% | |
| Current GAD | 0.0% | 8.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 4.4% | |
| Lifetime GAD | 0.0% | 13.0% | 10.8% | 0.0% | 11.1% | |
| Taking Psychotropic Meds | 10.0% | 13.0% | 8.1% | 4.5% | 4.4% | |
|
| ||||||
| Startle Magnitude | Variable Range | |||||
| NCD | 71.2 (60.0) | 58.6 (52.6) | 66.1 (73.2) | 73.7 (54.9) | 40.5 (30.6) | 1.8 – 660.5 |
| NISI | 62.1 (48.8) | 50.0 (38.1) | 68.3 (81.3) | 66.0 (50.3) | 39.0 (22.9) | 1.0 – 724.5 |
| PCD | 76.9 (55.3) | 72.4 (71.9) | 82.4 (76.5) | 89.4 (58.7) | 51.5 (47.5) | 1.5 – 973.0 |
| PISI | 57.0 (45.6) | 45.5 (39.4) | 65.7 (67.9) | 68.9 (49.4) | 38.5 (34.6) | 1.2 – 702.8 |
| UCD | 103.6 (69.6) | 102.0 (91.2) | 110.9 (105.2) | 123.1 (72.8) | 56.7 (38.9) | 1.1 –985.3 |
| UISI | 101.2 (65.9) | 97.6 (95.0) | 103.8 (96.3) | 120.4 (70.4) | 64.3 (52.6) | 2.1 – 759.7 |
Note. SUD = any illicit substance use disorder; MDD = major depressive disorder; SAD = social anxiety disorder; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; N = no-threat; P = predictable threat; U = unpredictable threat; ISI = interstimulus interval; CD = countdown.