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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Med Genet A. 2017 Sep 21;173(11):2861–2872. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38464

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Differences in facial variance between Down syndrome (DS), Down syndrome sibling (DSsib), and unrelated euploid (EU) samples. A) Linear distances (LDs) with variances that significantly differ (27/190 or 14%) between the DS and DSsib samples. LDs depicted with solid lines have significantly higher variances in the DS sample, and LDs depicted with dashed lines have significantly higher variances in the DSsib or EU sample. B) The LDs with variances that significantly differ between the DS and EU samples (34/190 or 18%) are shown. All LDs exhibit significantly higher variance in the DS sample relative to the EU sample (depicted as solid lines). C) The LDs with variances that significantly differ between the DSsib and the EU samples (10/190 or 5%) are shown. The LDs depicted with solid lines have significantly higher variances in the DSsib sample, and LDs depicted with dashed lines have significantly higher variances in the EU sample. D) For the DS and DSsib comparison 8 significant LDs remain after subtracting 19 LDs that were common to A and B and attributed to the effects of trisomy 21 (see Fig. 3). E) For the DS and EU comparison 15 significant LDs remain after subtracting 19 LDs that were common to A and B and attributed to the effects of trisomy 21. Facial images shown have been modified to remove identifiable features. Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1552-4833.