Skip to main content
. 2017 Oct 2;12(4):360–374. doi: 10.1080/17450128.2017.1332398

Table 1.

Age-adjusted odds-ratios for demographic factors and different forms of substance abuse.

  Males
Females
    Smoking cigarettes
Taking drugs for pleasure
Drinking alcohol
Any substance use
  Any substance use
  N % AOR (95% CI) % AOR (95% CI) % AOR (95% CI) % AOR (95% CI) N % AOR (95% CI)
Orphanhood                        
 Non-orphan 789 0.9% 1 2.8% 1 6.6% 1 6.6% 1 818 1.0% 1
 Maternal 364 1.4% 1.7 (0.56–4.9) 4.9% 1.9 (1.04–3.5)* 7.8% 1.3 (0.82–2.1) 8.5% 1.4 (0.88–2.2) 365 0.5% 0.54 (0.12–2.4)
 Paternal 699 0.9% 0.77 (0.27–2.2) 3.6% 1.2 (0.66–2.1) 5.9% 0.80 (0.52–1.2) 6.6% 0.89 (0.59–1.3) 699 0.9% 0.83 (0.29–2.4)
 Double 280 1.1% 1.1 (0.30–3.9) 5.4% 2.0 (1.04–3.7)* 7.6% 1.2 (0.72–2.0) 8.6% 1.3 (0.81–2.2) 259 0.4% 0.36 (0.05–2.8)
Community type                        
 Town 245 0.8% 1 0.4% 1 3.7% 1 3.7% 1 262 1.1% 1
 Commercial estate 336 11.9% 1.5 (0.28–8.5) 2.7% 7.2 (0.89–57.6) 7.1% 2.2 (0.97–4.8) 7.7% 2.4 (1.1–5.3)* 347 0% N/A
 Subsistence farming 662 1.1% 1.4 (0.28–6.6) 3.8% 10.5 (1.4–78.6)* 7.1% 2.1 (1.01–4.5)* 7.4% 2.2 (1.1–4.7)* 688 1.3% 1.2 (0.32–4.4)
 Roadside trading centre 366 0.5% 0.61 (0.09–4.4) 4.4% 10.5 (1.4–80.5)* 6.0% 1.6 (0.69–3.5) 6.6% 1.7 (0.78–3.9) 368 0.8% 0.74 (0.15–3.7)
SES                        
 Poorest quintile 293 1.4% 1 2.0% 1 4.8% 1 4.8% 1 283 0% N/A
 Second quintile 361 0.8% 0.56 (0.12–2.5) 4.2% 2.0 (0.73–5.2) 6.4% 1.3 (0.64–2.6) 7.5% 1.5 (0.78–3.1) 374 0.3% 1
 Middle quintile 329 0.9% 0.48 (0.10–2.2) 4.0% 1.4 (0.50–3.7) 7.6% 1.2 (0.60–2.4) 7.9% 1.3 (0.63–2.5) 353 1.4% 5.3 (0.62–45.9)
 Fourth quintile 338 0.3% 0.17 (0.02–1.5) 3.0% 1.1 (0.39–3.1) 6.0% 1.0 (0.49–2.0) 6.2% 1.0 (0.51–2.1) 311 1.0% 3.6 (0.38–35.1)
 Least poor quintile 286 1.3% 0.75 (0.18–3.1) 2.4% 0.83 (0.27–2.5) 7.0% 1.1 (0.55–2.3) 7.0% 1.1 (0.54–2.3) 342 1.8% 6.6 (0.80–55.5)
Religion                        
 Christian 869 1.0% 1 3.7% 1 7.4% 1 7.5% 1 900 1.4% 1
 Traditional 4 0% N/A 0% N/A 0% N/A 0% N/A 3 0% N/A
 Spiritual 411 0.5% 0.48 (0.10–2.3) 1.2% 0.33 (0.1–0.86)* 4.1% 0.55 (0.3–0.96)* 4.1% 0.54 (0.3–0.95)* 494 0.2% 0.14 (0.02–1.1)
 Other 231 0.9% 0.87 (0.19–4.1) 3.0% 0.86 (0.37–2.0) 5.7% 0.78 (0.41–1.5) 6.5% 0.89 (0.49–1.6) 244 0.4% 0.27 (0.04–2.1)
 None 89 2.2% 2.0 (0.41–9.4) 7.9% 2.0 (0.83–4.9) 9.1% 1.1 (0.50–2.5) 12.4% 1.6 (0.79–3.3) 17 0% N/A
School enrolmenta                        
 Not enroled 320 1.9% 1 5.3% 1 9.7% 1 10.6% 1 493 1.4% 1
 Enroled 1055 0.3% 0.24 (0.05–1.1) 0.9% 0.27 (0.1–0.64)* 2.6% 0.37 (0.2–0.7)** 2.7% 0.34 (0.2–0.6)** 934 0.6% 0.68 (0.19–2.4)

aAges 15–18; N/A: No observations in comparison group; *Significant at p < 0.05; **Significant at p<0.01.

HHS Vulnerability Disclosure