Table 3.
Association between orphanhood, drug use, smoking, and drinking alcohol on sexual risk behaviours in male youth from Manicaland.
| Males |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Condom use at last sexual encountera |
Partners in last 30 daysa |
Engaging in transactional sexa |
Sexual debut before the age of 15 |
Ever had sex |
||||||
| N | % | AOR (95% CI)c | Change (95% CI)c | % | AOR (95% CI)c | % | AOR (95%CI)c | % | AOR (95%CI)c | |
| Smoking | ||||||||||
| Non-smoker | 1594 | 69.9% | 1 | 0 | 3.2% | 1 | 0.4% | 1 | 5.9% | 1 |
| Smoker | 15 | 80.0% | 1.6 (0.24–10.4) | 1.2 (−1.2–+3.7) | 20.0% | 7.6 (1.1–52.3)* | 6.7% | 10.0 (1.1–92.2)* | 66.7% | 23.6 (7.0–79.3)*** |
| Drug use | ||||||||||
| Does not use drugs | 1555 | 68.4% | 1 | 0 | 1.4% | 1 | 0.4% | 1 | 5.1% | 1 |
| Uses drugs | 51 | 79.2% | 1.4 (0.39–4.7) | 0.67 (−1.1–+2.4) | 16.7% | 18.6 (1.8–197)* | 3.9% | 5.1 (0.85–30.2) | 47.1% | 8.0 (4.2–15.3)*** |
| Alcohol | ||||||||||
| Does not drink | 1502 | 64.5% | 1 | 0 | 1.6% | 1 | 0.2% | 1 | 4.1% | 1 |
| Drinks | 102 | 80.5% | 2.9 (0.87–9.6) | 1.6 (0.01–3.1)* | 9.8% | 6.6 (0.58–73.9) | 4.9% | 14.4 (3.4–87.8)** | 40.2% | 8.7 (5.2–14.5)*** |
| Any form of substance use | ||||||||||
| No substance use | 1501 | 64.5% | 1 | 0 | 1.6% | 1 | 0.2% | 1 | 4.1% | 1 |
| Substance use | 108 | 80.5% | 2.9 (0.87–9.6) | 1.6 (0.01–3.1)* | 9.8% | 6.6 (0.58–73.9) | 4.6% | 15.8 (3.0–83.2)** | 38.0% | 8.0 (4.8–13.4)*** |
| Orphanhood | ||||||||||
| Non-orphan | 789 | 71.1% | 1 | 0 | 2.2% | 1 | 0.5% | 1 | 5.7% | 1 |
| Maternal orphan | 364 | 73.1% | 0.81 (0.25–2.6) | 1.4 (0.50–4.4)* | 11.5% | 5.4 (0.69–42.3) | 0.5% | 1.0 (0.21–5.2) | 7.1% | 1.1 (0.70–1.9) |
| Paternal orphan | 699 | 67.3% | 0.73 (0.27–2.0) | 1.9 (0.01–3.7)* | 5.8% | 1.0 (0.15–6.8) | 0.5% | 1.1 (0.26–4.3) | 7.4% | 1.3 (0.82–2.0) |
| Double orphan | 280 | 68.1% | 0.50 (0.14–1.8) | 2.5 (0.51–4.6)* | 9.1% | 2.3 (0.26–20.6) | 0.7% | 1.2 (0.23–6.1) | 7.9% | 1.3 (0.76–2.2) |
| Orphanhood – adjusting for substance use | ||||||||||
| Non-orphan | 789 | 71.1% | 1 | 0 | 2.2% | 1 | 0.5% | 1 | 5.7% | 1 |
| Maternal orphan | 364 | 73.1% | 0.67 (0.19–2.3) | 1.3 (−0.37–+3.0) | 11.5% | 4.3 (0.54–34.0) | 0.5% | 0.95 (0.18–5.1) | 7.1% | 1.0 (0.61–1.7) |
| Paternal orphan | 699 | 67.3% | 0.85 (0.31–2.4) | −0.1 (−1.5–+1.4) | 5.8% | 1.2 (0.16–8.5) | 0.5% | 1.2 (0.29–5.0) | 7.4% | 1.4 (0.87–2.2) |
| Double orphan | 280 | 68.1% | 0.45 (0.12–1.7) | 1.7 (−0.08–+3.5) | 9.1% | 1.7 (0.2–14.7) | 0.7% | 1.3 (0.25–7.4) | 7.9% | 1.3 (0.72–2.2) |
| School enrolmentb | ||||||||||
| Not enroled | 320 | 82.8% | 1 | 0 | 2.9% | 1 | 0.6% | 1 | 11.0% | 1 |
| Enroled | 1055 | 61.9% | 0.30 (0.06–1.6) | −1.2 (−3.3–+0.9) | 4.8% | 1.1 (0.05–22.0) | 0.3% | 0.85 (0.13–5.7) | 2.0% | 0.35 (0.19–0.64)*** |
| School enrolment – adjusting for substance useb | ||||||||||
| Not enroled | 320 | 82.8% | 1 | 0 | 2.9% | 1 | 0.6% | 1 | 11.0% | 1 |
| Enroled | 1055 | 61.9% | 0.31 (0.06–1.6) | −1.1 (−3.2–+0.9) | 4.8% | 1.3 (0.05–32.2) | 0.3% | 2.0 (0.23–16.6) | 2.0% | 0.45 (0.24–0.86)* |
aAmong sexually active; bAges 15–18; cAdjusted for age, community type, SES, and religion.