. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 2.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Diab Rep. 2017 Oct 2;17(11):114. doi: 10.1007/s11892-017-0938-4

Table 1.

Overview of EARLY Trials

Trial	Sample Characteristics	Intervention	Main Outcomes
^aChoosing Healthy Options in College Environments & Settings (CHOICES)^{87,90,98–100}	N=441 67.6% female 72.6% white 100% student (2-year college) Age= 22.7 (5.0)^b BMI = 25.4 (3.8)^b	24-month weight gain prevention intervention Intervention: 1-credit college course + intervention website with social support, resources, and self-monitoring platform Control: Quarterly health promotion information	No difference in BMI, weight, waist circumference, or body fat percentage between intervention and control at 24 months Significant reduction in prevalence of BMI ≥ 25 in intervention compared to control at 24 months
Cell Phone Intervention for You (CITY)^84,96	N=365 69.6% female 56.2% white 34.3% student Age = 29.4 (4.3)^b BMI = 35.2 (7.8)^b	24-month weight loss intervention Intervention 1 (CP): Comprehensive interactive cell phone app used for both intervention delivery and self-monitoring Intervention 2 (PC): Delivered via group sessions and personal coaching; self-monitoring via smartphone Control: Provided 3 handouts on healthy eating and physical activity	No difference in weight loss between groups at 24 months Significantly greater weight losses in PC compared to both CP and Control at 6 and 12 months
eMoms⁸³	N=1689 (ITT) 100% pregnant women 68.0% white [student status not reported] Age = 27.5 (4.7)^b BMI = 25.4 (4.3)^b	See footnote^d	See footnote^d
Innovative Approaches to Diet, Exercise, and Activity (IDEA)^82,97	N=471 71.1% female 77.2% white 25.7% student Age = 30.9 (27.8–33.7)^c BMI = 31.2 (28.4–34.3)^c	24-month weight loss intervention Intervention 1 (Standard): in-person group behavioral weight loss + phone counseling/study website; self-monitoring via website Intervention 2 (Enhanced): in-person group behavioral weight loss + phone counseling/study website; self-monitoring via provided wearable device + web platform	No difference in body composition, physical activity, or dietary behaviors between groups Significantly greater weight losses in Standard compared to Enhanced at 12, 18, & 24 months
Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP)^85,101–102	N=599 78.3% female 73.1% white 24.3% student (full-time) Age = 28.2 (4.4)^b 26.2% age 18–24.9 BMI = 25.4 (2.6)^b	4-month weight gain prevention intervention with low-intensity follow-up (average 3 years) Intervention 1 (SC): 10 group in-person sessions followed by online weight reporting with feedback and quarterly online refreshers; instructed to make small, daily changes to eating and activity Intervention 2 (LC): 10 group in-person sessions followed by online weight reporting with feedback and quarterly online refreshers; instructed to make large changes initially to produce weight loss of 5–10lbs to create buffer against future gains Control: 1 group in-person meeting providing an overview of both SC and LC approaches	Significantly greater weight losses in both LC and SC compared to Control at primary endpoint (average follow up of 3 years); significantly greater weight losses in LC compared to SC at primary endpoint
^aSocial Mobile Approaches to Reduce Weight (Project SMART)^{86,91,93–94}	N=404 70.3% female 41.8% white 100% student Age = 22.7 (3.8)^b BMI = 29.0 (2.8)^b	24-month weight loss intervention Intervention: Delivery across multiple channels: Facebook, mobile apps, website, email, text, & health coaching Control: Access to general health education website without social networking components	No difference in weight loss between intervention and control at 24 months Significantly greater weight loss in intervention at 6 and 12 months compared to control
Treating Adults at Risk for Weight Gain with Interactive Technology (TARGIT)⁸¹	N=330 48.8% female 57.3% white [student status not reported] 100% current smokers Age = 29.7 (4.2)^b BMI < 25: 23.0% 25–29.9: 37.6% 30+: 39.4%	See footnote^d	See footnote^d

Mean age of enrolled participants within emerging adult range.

Mean (standard deviation)

Median (25^th–75^th percentile)

Full study description and outcomes not yet available for these trials. Additionally, both trials concerned weight control in specific populations: pregnant women (eMoms) and current smokers (TARGIT); therefore, results may not be applicable to weight management more generally in a young adult population.