Proliferation of CD4+ T cells induced by thalidomide (TM), dexamethasone (DX), or TM/DX combinatorial treatment. Naive T (Tnaives) cells, which were labelled with CFSE, were incubated with anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD28 antibodies for 72 hr, and analysed by flow cytometry. TM/DX combinatorial treatment down‐regulated the proliferation of CD4+ T cells from Tnaive cells more than DX alone. (a) Histogram plots of CFSE intensities. (b) Ratios of CD4+ CFSElo T cells. The numbers on the histogram indicate percentages of proliferating cells among total T cells. The results shown are representative plots selected from five independent experiments (% of non‐treated controls, n = 5). *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, and ***P < 0·001, compared with untreated controls; ##
P < 0·01 and ###
P < 0·001 compared with 0·1 nm
DX treatment; and †††
P < 0·001 compared with 1 nm
DX treatment.