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. 2017 Nov 9;7:15137. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15085-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Maternal zinc deficiency changed the blood and pulse pressure profiles of dams before pregnancy, during pregnancy and in lactation. Prior to pregnancy and during lactation, 24 hour mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly elevated in the zinc-deficient dams. (a) During pregnancy, from days GD0 to GD5, MAP was significantly elevated in the zinc-deficient dams. However, across GD6 to GD10, MAP began to decrease in the zinc-deficient dams while an increase was observed in the zinc-replete dams. This resulted in significantly lower MAP in the zinc-deficient dams between GD11 to GD19 of pregnancy. (b) Pulse pressure, which is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures, was significantly lower in the zinc deficient animals across the whole experimental period. Each data point represents the average 24 h MAP or pulse pressure for each diet group ± SEM. n = 4 zinc-replete and 4 zinc-deficient dams. Statistical differences were determined using a general additive model.