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. 2017 Nov 9;7:15132. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15308-6

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sublethal effects of TMX on forager motor functions measured 30 min and 60 min after acute exposure. We show the (A) number of falls per bee, (B) time spent at the arena top, and (C) time spent at the arena bottom (ANOVA_REML Repeated Measures, N_control = 19, N_TMX = 20). We also plot the frequencies of bees showing (D) abnormal behaviours (see Methods for definitions), (E) inability to ascend the arena, and (F) inability to reach the light (Multiway Frequency, N _control = 19, N _TMX = 20). The p-values of significant main effects are shown within each plot. Main effects of TMX, time and TMX× time interaction are reported only if significant (see Table 1 for details). Different letters indicate statistically significant differences after post-hoc LS Means contrast tests. Error bars show standard errors.