Table 1.
Summary of the statistical results of the acute and chronic experiments.
| Pesticide Exposure | Measure | Colony effect (%) | Factor | DF numerator | DF denominator | L-R χ 2 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute | Timefirst path to reach the light (s) | <1 | TMX | 1 | 29 | 4.90 | 0.035 |
| Time | 1 | 29 | 7.98 | 0.009 | |||
| TMX × Time | 1 | 29 | 0.25 | 0.622 | |||
| Distancefirst path to reach the light (s) | <1 | TMX | 1 | 27 | 0.87 | 0.359 | |
| Time | 1 | 29 | 0.00 | 0.969 | |||
| TMX × Time | 1 | 29 | 0.22 | 0.645 | |||
| Velocityfirst path to reach the light (squares/s) | <1 | TMX | 1 | 29 | 14.19 | 0.001 | |
| Time | 1 | 29 | 11.93 | 0.002 | |||
| TMX × Time | 1 | 29 | 1.35 | 0.255 | |||
| Time moving (s) | 18 | TMX | 1 | 35 | 5.59 | 0.024 | |
| Time | 1 | 37 | 0.58 | 0.450 | |||
| TMX × Time | 1 | 37 | 2.47 | 0.124 | |||
| Velocity (squares/s) | 19 | TMX | 1 | 35 | 2.74 | 0.107 | |
| Time | 1 | 37 | 0.26 | 0.613 | |||
| TMX × Time | 1 | 37 | 5.11 | 0.030 | |||
| Falls (n) | 3 | TMX | 1 | 35 | 6.85 | 0.013 | |
| Time | 1 | 37 | 1.32 | 0.258 | |||
| TMX × Time | 1 | 37 | 0.01 | 0.912 | |||
| Time at the top (s) | 27 | TMX | 1 | 35 | 7.29 | 0.011 | |
| Time | 1 | 37 | 5.70 | 0.022 | |||
| TMX × Time | 1 | 37 | 1.19 | 0.282 | |||
| Time at the bottom (s) | 30 | TMX | 1 | 35 | 8.06 | 0.008 | |
| Time | 1 | 37 | 13.00 | 0.001 | |||
| TMX × Time | 1 | 37 | 4.92 | 0.033 | |||
| Abnormal behaviours (n) | * | TMX | 1 | 7 | 4.09 | 0.043 | |
| Time | 1 | 7 | 4.63 | 0.031 | |||
| TMX × Time | 1 | 7 | 0.23 | 0.632 | |||
| Inability to ascend (n) | * | TMX | 1 | 7 | 9.17 | 0.002 | |
| Time | 1 | 7 | 4.63 | 0.031 | |||
| TMX × Time | 1 | 7 | 0.73 | 0.392 | |||
| Inability to reach the light (n) | * | TMX | 1 | 7 | 3.15 | 0.076 | |
| Time | 1 | 7 | 3.43 | 0.064 | |||
| TMX × Time | 1 | 7 | 1.30 | 0.255 | |||
| Chronic | Timefirst path to reach the light (s) | 2 | TMX Daily dose | 1 | 27 | 2.64 | 0.116 |
| Distancefirst path to reach the light (sq.) | <1 | TMX Daily dose | 1 | 27 | 5.10 | 0.032 | |
| Velocityfirst path to reach the light (sq./s) | 4 | TMX Daily dose | 1 | 27 | 0.06 | 0.814 | |
| Time moving (s) | 44 | TMX Daily dose | 1 | 31 | 0.85 | 0.364 | |
| Velocity (sq./s) | 14 | TMX Daily dose | 1 | 33 | 0.06 | 0.802 | |
| Falls (n) | <1 | TMX Daily dose | 1 | 19 | 1.52 | 0.232 | |
| Time at the top (s) | 29 | TMX Daily dose | 1 | 32 | 0.03 | 0.867 | |
| Time at the bottom (s) | 13 | TMX Daily dose | 1 | 33 | 0.14 | 0.709 | |
| Abnormal behaviours (n) | * | TMX Daily dose | 1 | 4 | 2.00 | 0.158 | |
| Inability to ascend (n) | * | TMX Daily dose | 1 | 4 | 4.38 | 0.036 | |
| Inability to reach the light (n) | * | TMX Daily dose | 1 | 4 | 0.08 | 0.784 |
Foragers were tested twice after acute exposure (30 and 60 min), and once after chronic exposure (60 min). Variance component estimates (REML algorithm) of colony effect could not be assessed (*) for the nominal parameters. Acute exposure: N control = 19, N TMX = 20 (continuous measures, Repeated-Measures ANOVAREML Repeated Measures); N control = 19, N TMX = 20 (nominal measures, Multiway Frequency); N control = 18, N TMX = 13 (first path measures, Repeated-Measures ANOVAREML Repeated Measures). Chronic exposure: N control = 21, N TMX = 15 (continuous measures: ANCOVAREML; nominal measures: Nominal Logistic regression); N control = 18, N TMX = 12 (first path measures, ANCOVAREML). Significant effects (p < 0.05) are shown in bold.