Table 2.
List and definitions of parameters assessed during the phototaxis arena tests.
| Measure | Definition |
|---|---|
| Timefirst path to reach the light (s) | Time spent to reach the light for the first time |
| Distancefirst path to reach the light (squares) | Number of squares crossed to reach the light for the first time |
| Velocityfirst path to reach the light (squares/s) | Mean velocity during the first path to reach the light |
| Velocity (squares/s) | Mean overall velocity |
| Time moving (s) | Time spent moving |
| Falls (n) | Frequency of falls |
| Time at the top (s) | Time spent within 5 cm of the top |
| Time at the bottom (s) | Time spent within 5 cm of the bottom |
| Inability to reach light (T/F) | The bee can climb partially to reach the light but does not fully succeed even once |
| Inability to ascend (T/F) | The bee is unable to climb the arena walls for at least 10 seconds |
| Abnormal behaviours (T/F) | The bee exhibits an abnormal behaviour such as trembling (shaking/shivering of body, legs or antennae of a bee that is typically twitching or unable to get up), loss of coordination (falls while walking or stumbles), erratic movements (walks in circles and/or in atypical patterns) for at least 10 seconds |