Fig. 2.

Wake-promoting neurons are within the SuM region. a Smaller injection sites (red outline) showing prolonged wakefulness (hours of wake after CNO at bottom left of each panel) was highest with involvement of the whole SuM (scale bar 500 µm). b Plot of all injection sites as a ‘heat map’ of injection overlap (n = 21, dark red minimal overlap (1 case), white maximal (18 cases)). c Non-parametric permutation analysis shows that the area of transduction correlated with the longest duration of wakefulness after CNO is the caudal hypothalamus, most notably the SuM (yellow area false discovery rate < 0.01). MM–medial mammillary, LM–lateral mammillary, and FF–fields of Forel