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. 2017 Nov 9;7:15135. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15542-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Signaling protein phosphorylation in BELA-treated patients with and without BPAR. Phosphorylation of p38MAPK (upper graphs), ERK (middle graphs) and Akt (lower graphs) in CD4⁺ cells (left) and CD8⁺ cells (right) after stimulation with PMA/ionomycin is shown. BELA-treated patients suffering from an acute rejection (grey) episode showed a significantly higher expression of p-ERK before their rejection time point compared to patients without a rejection within 90 days after transplantation (black). (Data are plotted as mean ± SD; n = 11 rejectors and n = 9 non-rejectors) *p < 0.05.