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. 2017 Nov 9;8:1384. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01740-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Cuticular alkenes but not alkanes are autotoxic. a ¹H NMR profiles showing that hexane extracts of STD males (Cuticle) and HYHG vials preconditioned with STD males (PC Vial) contain large quantities of 7(Z)-tricosene (7(Z)-T). Profiles from synthetic 7(Z)-T), cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA) and non-preconditioned vials are shown for comparison. b–f Adult oenocyte genetic manipulations decrease major cuticular hydrocarbons measured by GC–MS (n = 6) b, c, e and also decrease the autotoxic activity of cuticular extracts d, f. Genotypes are as indicated and STD adult males were aged for 3 weeks on HYHG b, e, f or for 1 week on STD adult diet c, d. Blank curves are the same in d, f, as these experiments were done in parallel. g, h Synthetic cuticular alkenes but not alkanes of equivalent chain lengths display autotoxic activity. In d, f–h 15 LOW responder males per HYHG vial were used. For b–e: **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, two-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni multiple comparisons test. Error bars show 1 s.d.