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. 2017 Nov 9;7:15160. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15359-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Zymography for the investigation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities. (A) Extracts from four biological replicates of DN in type 2 diabetes (T2D; Db/Db) and their respective controls (Db/Dm) were loaded. (B) Extracts from four biological replicates of DN in type 1 diabetes (T1D; Hz/wt) and their respective controls (wt/wt) were loaded. (C) The fold change of MMP-2 activity in DN was assessed relative to the respective controls per category: Db/Db (DN in T2D) was compared to Db/m and Hz/wt (DN in T1D) to wt/wt. The mean value for Db/Db vs. Db/Dm (activity fold change) was 0.56 ± 0.32 (p_val < 0.05), whereas the mean value for Hz/wt vs. wt/wt (activity fold change) was 1.46 ± 0.91 (p_val > 0.05). (D) The fold change of MMP-9 activity in DN was assessed relative to the appropriate controls for each group. (A) Db/Db (DN in T2D) was compared to Db/m and Hz/wt (DN in T1D) to wt/wt. The mean value for Db/Db vs. Db/Dm (activity fold change) was 0.30 ± 0.29 (p_val < 0.05), whereas the mean value for Hz/wt vs. wt/wt (activity fold change) was 0.17 ± 0.15 (p_val < 0.05). Graphical representation of densitometry analysis of the results (mean ± SD) is shown (∗p_val < 0.05, Student’s t-test).