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. 2017 Nov 9;7:15143. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14883-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Diffusion in living cytoplasm and in vitro cytoplasm measured by FRAP. (a) Fluorescent images of GFP-labeled living spheroplasts of E. coli before, immediately after (t = 0 s), and 10 s after photobleaching. The photobleached region in a metabolically inactive spheroplast remained dark even at 10 s after photobleaching (lower panels), whereas the dark region was obscured already at t = 0 in normal spheroplasts (upper panels) because of rapid transport. (b) Inverse of diffusion coefficients D of GFP in IVCEs/liposomes (open triangles), IVCEs/emulsions (filled triangles) and BSA/liposomes (circles) measured with FRAP. These data were normalized to the value in water as D _w/D. The broken and solid curves indicate η/η _w in IVCEs and BSA solutions which are measured by PMR (same lines with that in Fig. 1), respectively. D _w/D of GFP in normal (white bar) and metabolically inactive spheroplast cells (black bar) are also shown.