Table 1.
Patient characteristics divided by gender and fear of hypoglycaemia status
| Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FoH, yes n = 154 (43.9%) |
FoH, no n = 197 (56.1%) |
p | FoH, yes n = 283 (63.3%) |
FoH, no n = 164 (36.7%) |
p | |
| Background data | ||||||
| Age, years | 48.6 ± 13.3 | 51.4 ± 13.0 | 0.054 | 47.2 ± 13.6 | 48.4 ± 12.2 | 0.347 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 30.8 ± 14.1 | 31.0 ± 13.2 | 0.890 | 31.2 ± 13.3 | 30.9 ± 13.4 | 0.832 |
| Current smoking, % | 14.9 | 14.4 | 0.999 | 12.0 | 11.9 | <0.999 |
| Low SES, % | 14.6 | 14.7 | 0.999 | 9.9 | 14.6 | 0.228 |
| Retinopathy, % | 43.4 | 47.4 | 0.514 | 36.2 | 34.6 | 0.758 |
| Diabetic nephropathy, % | 26.7 | 29.4 | 0.767 | 13.4 | 12.8 | 0.999 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26(23–28) | 26(24–28) | 0.814 | 24(22–28) | 25(23–28) | 0.339 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 4.2(3.8–4.8) | 4.4(3.9–5.1) | 0.224 | 4.5(4.0–5.2) | 4.7(4.3–5.2) | 0.166 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 1.4(1.2–1.6) | 1.4(1.1–1.6) | 0.683 | 1.7(1.4–2.0) | 1.8(1.5–2.2) | 0.080 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l | 1.1(0.8–1.4) | 1.1(0.8–1.5) | 0.675 | 0.9(0.6–1.2) | 0.9(0.7–1.1) | 0.910 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 141(132–153) | 142(133–155) | 0.382 | 134(122–148) | 132(120–146) | 0.454 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 79 ± 11 | 80 ± 9 | 0.321 | 77 ± 10 | 76 ± 9 | 0.473 |
| Insulin and HbA1c data | ||||||
| Insulin dose, IU/kg | 0.58(0.46–0.73) | 0.61(0.48–0.76) | 0.223 | 0.53(0.44–0.69) | 0.56(0.45–0.75) | 0.557 |
| Insulin pump, % | 7.5 | 10.4 | 0.510 | 17.4 | 12.9 | 0.300 |
| Latest HbA1c, % | 8.1(7.4–8.6) | 8.0(7.2–8.8) | 0.827 | 8.2(7.5–9.1) | 8.1(7.2–9.0) | 0.489 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 65(57–71) | 64(55–73) | 66.1(59–76) | 65(55–75) | ||
| Mean* HbA1c, % | 8.3(7.6–9.1) | 8.0(7.4–8.9) | 0.015 | 8.3(7.6–9.0) | 8.3(7.4–9.1) | 0.934 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 67(60–76) | 64(57–74) | 67(60–75) | 67(57–76) | ||
| Coefficient of variation for HbA1c* | 7.8(5.8–11.0) | 7.7(5.9–11.0) | 0.546 | 8.1(6.1–11.4) | 8.2(6.6–10.6) | 0.717 |
Data are presented as median(interquartile range) for continuous non-normally distributed variables, mean ± SD for continuous normally distributed variables, and frequency(%) for categorical variables. FoH, fear of hypoglycaemia; Low SES, low socioeconomic status(unskilled blue collar workers); IU, international units. *Calculated from the serial HbA1c measurements.