Table 6. Adjusted OR for an experience of ED visits within the last one year by primary care attributes that Korean adults aged 18 years or over with diabetes experience from their RDs based on 2013 KHP data.
| Variables | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P values | OR | 95% CI | P values | OR | 95% CI | P values | |||
| Age, yr | 18–49 | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |
| 50–64 | 0.54 | 0.24–1.40 | 0.220 | 0.56 | 0.23–1.36 | 0.202 | 0.56 | 0.23–1.35 | 0.195 | ||
| ≥ 65 | 0.83 | 0.33–2.06 | 0.687 | 0.81 | 0.33–2.01 | 0.647 | 0.80 | 0.32–2.00 | 0.638 | ||
| Sex | Male | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Female | 0.58 | 0.34–0.98 | 0.043 | 0.59 | 0.35–1.01 | 0.054 | 0.58 | 0.34–0.99 | 0.045 | ||
| Marital status | Married | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 1.36 | 0.76–2.44 | 0.299 | 1.42 | 0.79–2.54 | 0.240 | 1.41 | 0.79–2.52 | 0.249 | ||
| Unmarried | 1.66 | 0.39–7.14 | 0.495 | 1.77 | 0.41–7.70 | 0.447 | 1.79 | 0.42–7.70 | 0.433 | ||
| Education, yr | 0–6 | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |
| 7–12 | 0.69 | 0.40–1.21 | 0.199 | 0.69 | 0.40–1.21 | 0.192 | 0.70 | 0.40–1.23 | 0.212 | ||
| ≥ 13 | 0.17 | 0.05–0.55 | 0.003 | 0.17 | 0.05–0.56 | 0.003 | 0.17 | 0.05–0.56 | 0.004 | ||
| Family income (quintile) (missing = 1) | First (the lowest) | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Second | 1.18 | 0.60–2.33 | 0.631 | 1.16 | 0.59–2.28 | 0.673 | 1.16 | 0.59–2.28 | 0.671 | ||
| Third | 1.22 | 0.57–2.62 | 0.606 | 1.25 | 0.58–2.67 | 0.570 | 1.24 | 0.58–2.66 | 0.575 | ||
| Fourth | 1.19 | 0.53–2.67 | 0.668 | 1.25 | 0.56–2.79 | 0.587 | 1.21 | 0.54–2.71 | 0.641 | ||
| Fifth (the highest) | 1.54 | 0.65–3.66 | 0.329 | 1.55 | 0.65–3.66 | 0.321 | 1.56 | 0.66–3.69 | 0.313 | ||
| Health insurance (missing = 8) | Employed | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Self-employed | 0.89 | 0.51–1.54 | 0.665 | 0.93 | 0.54–1.61 | 0.793 | 0.91 | 0.52–1.57 | 0.729 | ||
| Medical Aid | 1.26 | 0.57–2.80 | 0.574 | 1.21 | 0.54–2.68 | 0.648 | 1.26 | 0.57–2.80 | 0.571 | ||
| CCI score* | 0 | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |
| 1 | 1.82 | 1.01–2.37 | 0.047 | 1.88 | 1.05–3.37 | 0.035 | 1.87 | 1.04–3.37 | 0.035 | ||
| ≥ 2 | 2.72 | 1.39–5.34 | 0.004 | 2.81 | 1.44–5.49 | 0.003 | 2.77 | 1.42–5.40 | 0.003 | ||
| Subjective health† (missing = 44) | Poor | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Moderate | 0.71 | 0.41–1.21 | 0.209 | 0.70 | 0.41–1.19 | 0.190 | 0.72 | 0.42–1.22 | 0.220 | ||
| Good | 0.67 | 0.34–1.33 | 0.254 | 0.64 | 0.32–1.28 | 0.205 | 0.65 | 0.33–1.30 | 0.221 | ||
| Primary care attributes that patients experience | Comprehensiveness† | No RD | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Poor | 1.35 | 0.49–3.70 | 0.563 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Moderate | 0.63 | 0.22–1.78 | 0.382 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Good | 0.47 | 0.26–0.84 | 0.011 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Coordination† | No RD | - | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Poor | - | - | - | 0.55 | 0.30–1.00 | 0.050 | - | - | - | ||
| Moderate | - | - | - | 0.27 | 0.06–1.19 | 0.083 | - | - | - | ||
| Good | - | - | - | 0.80 | 0.37–1.74 | 0.574 | - | - | - | ||
| Longitudinal relationship, yr | No RD | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | |||
| 0–5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.45 | 0.22–0.91 | 0.026 | ||
| ≥ 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.68 | 0.38–1.24 | 0.212 | ||
| P value for the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test | 0.749 | 0.332 | 0.904 | ||||||||
| Concordance statistic for discriminative ability | 0.702 | 0.697 | 0.698 | ||||||||
Multiple logistic regression analysis. Sample cross-sectional weights were applied.
OR = odds ratio, ED = emergency department, RD = regular doctor, KHP = Korea Health Panel, CI = confidence interval, CCI = Charlson comorbidity index.
*It does not contain scores for diabetes, end organ damage by diabetes, moderate or severe liver disease, and thyroid cancer. †On a five-point Likert scale, two positive (excellent and good) and two negative (poor and very poor) responses were merged into one positive (good) and one negative (poor) responses.