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. 2017 Oct 5;8(10):e3073. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2017.464

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

Cell Death and Disease is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Brief summarization of the initiation step of mammalian core autophagy machinery and its regulation by lncRNAs. Upon energy limitation, autophagy can be initiated by AMPK and mTORC1. Then, ULK1 complex composed of ULK1, ATG13, FIP200 and ATG101 is activated. lncRNA NBR2 directly modulates AMPK and mTORC1 are positively regulated by MEG3 and H19 and negatively regulated by Ad5-AlncRNA. In addition, lncRNA PTENP1, Risa, MALAT1, TGFB2-OT1, AK156230 and HOTARIM1 collectively regulate ULK1 complex