Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of patients stratified into three groups based on boarding time
| Variables | Group I (<6 h) N = 227 | Group II (6–24 h) N = 358 | Group III (>24 h) N = 355 | P- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age - yr. (mean ± SD) | 48.7 ± 22.2 | 50.6 ± 22.6 | 58.2 ± 20.9 | 0.04 |
| Gender - no. (%) | ||||
| Female | 37 (20.4) | 48 (16.9) | 76 (26.4) | 0.02 |
| Male | 144 (79.5) | 235 (83.0) | 212 (73.6) | |
| APACHE score - (mean ± SD) | 19.4 ± 9.7 | 20.1 ± 9.8 | 21.8 ± 8.2 | 0.38 |
| Mechanical ventilation, no. (%) | 141 (62.1) | 269 (75.1) | 257 (72.4) | 0.003 |
| GCS - (mean ± SD) | 11 ± 4.2 | 11 ± 4.2 | 10.7 ± 4.2 | 0.87 |
| PaO2/FiO2 - (mean ± SD) | 260 ± 138.9 | 223.8 ± 122.6 | 207.3 ± 90.9 | 0.38 |
| Admission category, no. (%) | ||||
| Non-operative | 220 (96.9) | 353 (98.6) | 347 (97.8) | 0.38 |
| Post-operative | 7 (3.1) | 5 (1.4) | 8 (2.3) | |
| Admission Diagnosis Category, no. (%) | ||||
| Respiratory | 40 (17.6) | 94 (26.3) | 122 (34.4) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular | 63 (27.8) | 96 (26.9) | 129 (36.3) | |
| Neurological | 49 (21.6) | 53 (14.9) | 32 (9.0) | |
| Other medical | 15 (6.6) | 30 (8.4) | 23 (6.5) | |
| Non-operative trauma | 53 (23.4) | 79 (22.1) | 41 (11.6) | |
| Post-operative | 7 (3.1) | 5 (1.4) | 8 (2.3) | |
| Chronic comorbities, no. (%) | ||||
| Chronic respiratory | 19 (8.4) | 38 (10.6) | 71 (20.0) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic cardiac | 30 (13.2) | 61 (17.0) | 71 (20.0) | 0.11 |
| Chronic renal | 20 (8.8) | 34 (9.5) | 41 (11.6) | 0.50 |
| Chronic liver | 11 (4.9) | 19 (5.3) | 28 (7.9) | 0.23 |
| Chronic Immunosuppression | 14 (6.2) | 21(5.9) | 31 (8.7) | 0.28 |
| Lab findings | ||||
| Creatinine - (mean ± SD) (μmol/L) | 153.3 ± 197.1 | 161.6 ± 185.5 | 174.1 ± 152.5 | 0.11 |
| Platelets - (mean ± SD) (109/L) | 211 ± 108.5 | 202.8 ± 112.5 | 20.7 ± 137.3 | 0.132 |
| INR | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.94 ± 1.50 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 0.004 |
APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, GCS Glasgow coma scale, PaO2/FIO2 ratio the ratio of partial pressure of oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen, INR international normalized ratio, SD Standard deviation