Figure 2.

TG2 is required for the expression of inflammatory cytokines in UV-irradiated keratinocytes. (a and b) Skin tissues were obtained from WT and TG2^−/− littermates after 48 h of UV irradiation (200 mJ/cm²). Levels of mRNA (a) and protein (b) for mouse IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by QRT-PCR and MAGPIX Multiplexing assay, respectively. (c) Primary mouse keratinocytes from WT and TG2^−/− littermates were cultured and exposed to UV irradiation (10 mJ/cm²). After 6 h, mRNA levels of mIL-6 and mTNF-α were determined by QRT-PCR (n=3). (d and e) TG2-deficient HaCaT cells were generated by using the CRISPR–Cas9 system (Cas9-TG2) and exposed to UV irradiation (10 mJ/cm²). After 6 h, levels of mRNA (d, n=3) and secreted protein (e, n=3) for TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 were measured by QRT-PCR and by the CBA method, respectively. n.d., not determined. All data are represented as mean±SEM. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001