Table 3. Comparison of demographics of the derivation and validation sets.
| Derivation set(n = 193) | Validation set (n = 193) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years; mean ± SD) | 66 ± 15 | 66 ± 14 | 0.959 |
| Age ≥ 66 years | 98 (51) | 87 (50) | 0.262 |
| Male (n, %) | 153 (79) | 148 (77) | 0.539 |
| Liver disease (n, %) | |||
| Hepatitis B | 90 (47) | 101 (52) | 0.263 |
| Hepatitis C | 63 (33) | 49 (25) | 0.116 |
| Alcoholism | 42 (22) | 46 (24) | 0.628 |
| Tumor size > 5 cm (n, %) | 141 (73) | 131 (68) | 0.265 |
| Multiple tumors (n, %) | 90 (47) | 99 (51) | 0.360 |
| Metastasis/lymph node (n, %) | 51 (26) | 52 (27) | 0.908 |
| Total tumor volume (cm3, mean ± SD [median]) | 772 ± 999 (381) | 657 ± 1,110 (279) | 0.517 |
| Vascular invasion (n, %) | 105 (54) | 110 (57) | 0.608 |
| α-fetoprotein ≥ 400 ng/mL (n, %) | 97 (50) | 102 (53) | 0.611 |
| CTP class (n, %) | 0.214 | ||
| A | 27 (14) | 37 (19) | |
| B | 90 (47) | 75 (39) | |
| C | 76 (39) | 81 (42) | |
| Ascites (n, %) | 139 (72) | 141 (73) | 0.820 |
| Biochemistry (mean ± SD) | |||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 0.552 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 4 ± 5.2 | 4.6 ± 7 | 0.639 |
| INR of PT | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 0.817 |
| eGFR ≥ 60 (mL/min/1.73 m2) (n, %) | 107 (55) | 103 (53) | 0.683 |
| Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 50 (26) | 57 (30) | 0.426 |
| Performance status 0-2/3-4 (%) | 15/85 | 18/82 | 0.407 |
| Tumor burden (n, %) | 0.170 | ||
| 1 | 26 (13) | 33 (17) | |
| 2 | 46 (24) | 32 (17) | |
| 3 | 121 (63) | 128 (66) | |
| Treatment (n, %) | 0.785 | ||
| Surgical resection | 6 (3) | 7 (4) | |
| Ablation | 14 (7) | 15 (8) | |
| Transplantation | 2 (1) | 4 (2) | |
| TACE | 31 (16) | 22 (11) | |
| Targeted therapy | 6 (3) | 7 (4) | |
| Supportive care | 134 (69) | 138 (72) |
CTP, Child-Turcotte-Pugh; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; INR, international normalized ratio; PT, prothrombin time; SD, standard deviation; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization