Decreased surface expression of DPP4 in Th17 cells of T2DM patients. (A, B) Comparison of relative KLK5 gene expression in sorted Th1 and Th17 cells (control, n = 10 & T2DM, n = 14). (C, D) Correlations of percentage of CD26+IL17A+CD4+ T cells with plasma DPP4 activity (A; n = 26) and PBMC DPP4 activity (B; n = 16). (E, F) Correlations of percentage of CD26+IFNγ+CD4+ T cells with plasma DPP4 activity (C; n = 30) and PBMC DPP4 activity (D; n = 15). (G, H) Representative flow plots for IFNγ and CD26 staining (E) and the summary (F) of all the analyzed samples are shown (control n = 17& T2DM n = 12). (I, J) IL-17A and CD26 staining from healthy control (n = 20) and treatment naïve T2DM (n = 19) were determined by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann–Whitney U test and Student's t test with Spearman correlation; *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.