Bar chart showing transcript levels of pgp-9 mRNA relative to the housekeeping gene, 18S, in third stage larvae in Populations 1 ‘resistant’ and 2 ‘susceptible’, which had been incubated with distilled water (H2O), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or ivermectin (IVM) (*p = <0.05; **p= <0.001). Within each population, there was a significant effect of the different treatments for Pop 1 (p = 0.005), but not for Pop 2 (p = 0.31).