Table 2.
Age-Adjusted and Multivariate Model Predictors of Progression in Frailty Status from Visit 1 to Visit 2
| Baseline Characteristics2 | Robust to Prefrail, Frail, or Death | Prefrail to Frail or Death | Frail to Death | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted1 OR (95% CI) |
Multivariable OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted1 OR (95% CI) |
Multivariable OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted1 OR (95% CI) |
Multivariable OR (95% CI) |
|
| Diabetes mellitus | 2.4 (1.6, 3.4) | 2.7 (1.7, 4.3) | 2.1 (1.6, 2.8) | 1.6 (1.04, 2.5) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.6) | 1.7 (1.01, 3.0) |
| Any IADL limitations | 1.7 (1.3, 2.4) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.3) | 2.7 (2.2, 3.4) | 1.9 (1.4, 2.4) | 2.4 (1.7, 3.5) | 2.4 (1.7, 3.5) |
| Leg power (W)2 | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.8) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.99) |
| Self-reported health (good/excellent) | – | – | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.9) | – | – |
| Teng 3M < 83 | 2.7 (1.5, 4.9) | 2.0 (1.02, 3.9) | – | – | 2.2 (1.4, 3.4) | 2.4 (1.4, 4.1) |
| CRP highest quartile | – | – | 2.1 (1.3, 3.6) | 2.1 (1.3, 3.6) | – | – |
| TNF highest quartile | – | – | – | – | 2.6 (1.1, 6.0) | 2.4 (1.0, 5.8) |
| IL-6 highest quartile | – | – | – | – | 2.6 (1.0, 6.7) | – |
| College education | – | – | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | 0.8 (0.6, 0.96) | – | – |
| Cancer | – | – | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) | – | – |
| CHF | – | – | 2.1 (1.4, 3.1) | 1.7 (1.1, 2.8) | – | – |
| Current smoking | – | – | 2.6 (1.6, 4.4) | 2.3 (1.2, 4.1) | 2.2 (1.1, 4.3) | 3.8 (1.4, 10.1) |
| Albumin < 4 g/dL | – | – | – | – | 2.1 (1.4, 3.0) | 2.3 (1.4, 3.9) |
1
Adjusted for age and site
2
The effect estimates (ORs) for all continuous variables were expressed per standard deviation increment, except age, which was expressed per one-year increment. For continuous variables, odds ratios refer to increments of one standard deviation.
OR = odds ratio; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living