Figure 6. Lactate upregulates the expression of proteins involved in fibrosis and/or injury repair in vSMCs.

hiPSC-derived vSMCs were cultured in L⁺ medium, in L⁻ medium, or in L⁻ medium under hypoxic conditions (L⁻vSMCh); then, (A) the levels of mTOR, Yap, and AMPK (A) protein and (B) mRNA were evaluated via Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively (n=4). L⁻ mediumvs L⁺ medium and L⁻ medium with hypoxia all P<0.01 in RT-PCR, ^**P<0.01 for all panels.