Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of bacteremic and non-bacteremic nosocomial pneumonia patients caused by Acinetobacter baumannii.
| Variable | BP(86) | NBP(89) | Statistic | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| age, mean (y) | 69.92 ± 14.65 | 71.63 ± 14.91 | t = −0.765 | 0.445 |
| male gender | 70 (81.4) | 74 (83.1) | χ² = 0.092 | 0.762 |
| APACHEII score in admission of ICU | 23.31 ± 7.28 | 20.06 ± 7.66 | t = 2.88 | 0.004 |
| Co-morbidities at admission | ||||
| coma | 31 (36.0) | 26 (29.2) | 0.930 | 0.335 |
| urinary tract infection | 1 (1.2) | 5 (5.6) | 2.622 | 0.105 |
| wound infection | 3 (3.5) | 0 | 3.159 | 0.076 |
| COPD | 25 (29.1) | 27 (30.3) | 0.034 | 0.854 |
| cerebral vascular disease | 18 (20.9) | 27 (30.3) | 2.026 | 0.155 |
| hypertension | 38 (44.2) | 42 (47.2) | 0.159 | 0.690 |
| diabetes mellitus | 20 (23.3) | 21 (23.6) | 0.003 | 0.958 |
| ARDS | 42 (48.8) | 15 (16.9) | 20.371 | 0.000 |
| malignancy | 14 (16.3) | 23 (25.8) | 2.399 | 0.121 |
| MODS | 16 (18.6) | 13 (14.6) | 0.506 | 0.477 |
| three or more underlying diseases | 30 (34.9) | 46 (51.7) | 5.026 | 0.025 |
| length of ICU prior to culture | 15.34 ± 25.22 | 9.46 ± 13.80 | Z = −0.681 | 0.496 |
| length of MV prior to culture | 13.16 ± 19.51 | 9.22 ± 13.998 | Z = −1.068 | 0.286 |
| C-reactive protein | 68.28 ± 59.65 | 90.13 ± 81.79 | Z = −1.303 | 0.193 |
| PCT in admission of ICU | 18.42 ± 44.60 | 3.05 ± 9.66 | Z = −4.489 | 0.000 |
| Invasive procedures | ||||
| mechanical ventilation | 86 (100) | 89 (100) | — | — |
| recent surgery | 38 (44.2) | 10 (11.2) | 23.856 | 0.000 |
| CRRT | 33 (38.4) | 27 (31.5) | 1.253 | 0.263 |
| central venous catheter | 77 (89.5) | 67 (75.3) | 6.096 | 0.014 |
| foley catheter | 69 (80.2) | 77 (86.5) | 1.249 | 0.264 |
| nasogastric tube | 80 (93.0) | 78 (87.6) | 1.445 | 0.229 |
| Previous antibiotic used (within 1 month) | ||||
| sulbactam+ β-lactams | 38 (44.2) | 27 (30.3) | 3.593 | 0.058 |
| carbapenems | 65 (75.6) | 55 (61.8) | 3.856 | 0.050 |
| fluoroquinolones | 19 (22.1) | 21 (23.6) | 0.056 | 0.813 |
| linezolid | 9 (10.5) | 5 (5.6) | 1.396 | 0.237 |
| glycopeptides | 43 (50.0) | 28 (31.5) | 6.235 | 0.013 |
| cephalosporin | 11 (12.8) | 8 (9.0) | 0.653 | 0.419 |
| amikacin | 3 (3.5) | 1 (1.1) | 1.095 | 0.295 |
| tigecycline | 4 (4.7) | 3 (3.4) | 0.187 | 0.666 |
| used 3 or more antibiotics | 38 (44.2) | 28 (31.5) | 3.015 | 0.082 |
| proportion of XDR strains | 30 (34.9) | 23 (25.8) | 1.693 | 0.193 |
| Outcome | ||||
| duration of ICU | 26.43 ± 33.16 | 33.01 ± 34.83 | Z = −2.690 | 0.007 |
| duration of MV | 25.97 ± 31.69 | 32.16 ± 35.73 | Z = −2.369 | 0.018 |
| Survival ≥30 d | 17 (19.8) | 32 (36.0) | 5.685 | 0.017 |
| in-hospital mortality | 51 (59.3) | 36 (40.4) | 6.218 | 0.013 |
| 7-day mortality | 37 (43.0) | 12 (13.5) | 18.931 | 0.000 |
| 14-day mortality | 42 (48.8) | 17 (19.1) | 17.305 | 0.000 |
| 28-day mortality | 46 (53.5) | 26 (29.2) | 4.778 | 0.029 |
| XDR mortality | 18 (20.9) | 14 (15.7) | 0.791 | 0.374 |
| MDR mortality | 31 (36.0) | 22 (24.7) | 2.658 | 0.103 |
| days of death after culture | 8.92 ± 13.73 | 21.47 ± 23.31 | Z = −3.870 | 0.000 |
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%); BP, bacteremic pneumonia; NBP, non-bacteremic pneumonia; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ARDS, Acute respiratory distress syndrome; MODS, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; ICU, intensive care units; MV, mechanical ventilation; PCT, procalcitonin; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; XDR, extensively drug-resistant; MDR, multi-drug resistance.